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UNITED STATES NAVY AT WAR 

Final Official Report to the Secretary of the Navy

Covering the period of March 1, 1945, to October 1, 1945 By FLEET ADMIRAL ERNEST J. KING

Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, and Chief of Naval Operations


US Navy at War cover


Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz

[1]

 

UNITED STATES NAVY AT WAR

Final Official Report to the Secretary of the navy

Covering the period March 1, 1945, to October 1, 1945

 

 

by

FLEET ADMIRAL ERNEST J. KING

Commander in Chief, United States Fleet,

and Chief of Naval Operations

 

 

[2] 

Dear Mr. Secretary:

    On 1 March of this year I presented to you my second annual report of the progress of our naval operations and the expansion of our naval establishment during the preceding year.

    Since the terminal date of my second report major hostilities on all fronts have terminated victoriously for the nations allied against the Axis powers, and I transmit to you herewith my third and final report of operations of the United States Navy in World War II. This report covers the period 1 March 1945 to 1 October 1945. 

    The Navy built and manned by the united efforts of this country continued to carry the action to the enemy, engaged him by sea and air, maintained control of the essential lanes of sea communication and transported men and supplies over all oceans to all theaters. The significant role of amphibious operations in this war was strikingly portrayed in the capture of Iwo Jima and Okinawa, which were the outstanding operations of this type during the last months of the war. They exemplify the teamwork of all services which brought victory on both the European and Pacific fronts. 

    For the officers and men of the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard, I am happy to report, at the end of the war, that the missions and tasks assigned all of them, singly and collectively, have been successfully accomplished.

Ernest J. King[signature]

Fleet Admiral, U. S. Navy.

Commander in Chief, United States Fleet

and chief of Naval Operations

The Honorable James Forrestal,

Secretary of the Navy,

Washington, D.C. 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

  Page 
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL                                                                 2                          
I- INTRODUCTION      3 
II-COMBAT OPERATIONS: PACIFIC      6 
    The Capture of Iwo Jima      6 
    Assault on Okinawa and Its Capture      8 
    Fast Carrier Force Operations in Support of Okinawa Invasion    12 
    Joint Operations in the Philippines and Borneo    14 
    Fast Carrier Force Preinvasion Operations Against Japan    17 
    Contributory Operations    19 
    The Surrender and Occupation of Japan    20 
III-LOGISTICS AND BASES--PACIFIC    22 
IV-SUBMARINE OPERATIONS    26 
    Attack on Merchant Shipping    26 
    Attacks on Naval Vessels    27 
    Special Missions    28 
V-ATLANTIC OPERATIONS    28 
   Antisubmarine Operation    28 
   Tenth Fleet    29 
   U.S. Naval Forces in Europe    29 
   U.S. Atlantic Fleet     32 
VI-SHIPS, AIRCRAFT AND PERSONNEL    32 
    Shipbuilding Program    32 
    Aircraft    33 
    Personnel    35 
    Health    37 
    The Marine Corps    38 
    The Coast Guard    39 
VII-NAVAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DURING WORLD WAR II    40 
VII-CONCLUSION    45 
   
      APPENDIX A-Status of major combatant ships of the Japanese navy at the   conclusion hostilities    48 
      APPENDIX B-Major combatant ships added to the United States Fleet, 7 December 1941-1 October 1945    56 
      APPENDIX C-Losses of U.S. Naval Vesels from all causes, 7 December 1941-1October 1945    67 
   
   
COVER ART--Official U.S. Navy Photographs   

[3] 

I – Introduction 

    My two previous reports carried to 1 March 1945 the account of the development of our naval strength and the participation of the United States Navy in combat operations. The present report is intended primarily to cover the period of the succeeding seven months, during which Germany Surrendered and the war with Japan came to an end. This being my last report, however, I am including herein my considered general comment and observation on the war as a whole.

    The major strategic decision of the war provided first for the defeat of Germany and then for the defeat of Japan. Both of these tasks have now been accomplished and we can view in clearer perspective the two major   campaigns which led to victory. The contrast between them is at once apparent. The war in Europe was primarily a ground and air war with naval support, while the war in the Pacific was primarily a naval war with ground and air support.

    In the European war, sea power was an essential factor because of the necessity of transporting our entire military effort across the Atlantic and supporting it there. Without command of the sea, this would not have been done. Nevertheless, the surrender of the land sea, and air forces of the German Reich on 8 May 1945 was the direct result of the application of air power over land and the power of the Allied ground forces.

    In the Pacific war, the power of our ground and strategic air forces, like sea power in the Atlantic, was an essential factor. By contrast with Germany, however, Japan’s armies were intact and undefeated and her air forces only weakened when she surrendered, but her navy had been destroyed and her merchant fleet had been fatally crippled. Dependent upon imported food and raw materials and relying upon sea transportation to supply her armies at home and overseas, Japan lost the war because she lost command of the sea, and in doing so lost – to us – the island bases from which her factories and cities could be destroyed by air.

    From the earliest days of the war our submarines, operating offensively in the farthest reaches of the Pacific, exacted a heavy toll of Japanese shipping. At a conservative estimate, they sank, in addition to many combat ships, nearly two-thirds of the merchant shipping which Japan lost during the war. Our surface forces – fast task forces composed of destroyers – carried the war to the enemy homeland and destroyed impressive numbers of naval vessels and merchant ships. Our amphibious forces, operating initially behind air offensives and under air cover launched from carriers which made possible the achievements of land-based aircraft carrying devastation to the Japanese home islands. Thus our sea power separated the enemy from vital sources on the Asiatic mainland and in the islands which he had seized early in the war, and furnished us the bases essential to the operations of shore-based aircraft from which the atomic bombs finally were dispatched, and on which troops and supplies were being massed for the invasion of Kyushu and of Honshu. The defeat of Japan was directly due to our overwhelming power at sea.

    The destruction of the Japanese Navy followed the Nelsonia doctrine that the Japanese Navy followed up until the enemy fleet is annihilated. Of 12 battleships, 11 were sunk; of 26 carriers, 20 were sunk; of 43 cruisers, 38 were destroyed; and so on throughout the various types of ships, which collectively constituted a fleet considerably larger than ours was before the war began. The few ships that remained afloat were for the most part so heavily damaged as to be of no military value.

    In striking contrast is the record of our ships. Although 2 old battleships were lost at Pearl Harbor, 8 new battleships have since joined the fleet. Against 5 aircraft carriers and 6 escort carriers lost, we completed 27 carriers and 110 escort carriers. While we lost 10 cruisers, 48 new cruisers have been commissioned. We lost 52 submarines and built 203. The capacity of the United States to build warships, auxiliary ships and merchant ships, while supporting our forces and our allies all over the world, exceeded all former records and surpassed our most sanguine hopes. It proved to be a vital component of that sea power which Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz has well defined in the following words:

“Sea power is not a limited term. It includes many weapons and many techniques. Sea power means more than the combatant ships and aircraft, the amphibious forces and the merchant marine. It includes also the port facilities of New York and California; the bases in Guam and in Kansas; the factories which are the capital plant of war; and the farms which are the producers of supplies. All these are elements of sea power. Futhermore, sea power is not limited to materials and equipment. It includes the functioning organization which has directed its use in the war. In the Pacific we have been able to use our naval' power effectively because we have been organized along sound lines. The present organization of our Navy Department has permitted decisions to be made effectively. It has allowed great flexibility. In each operation we were able to apply our force at the time and place where it would be most damaging to the enemy.”

    In the successful application of our sea power, a prime factor has been the flexibility and balanced character of our naval forces. In the Atlantic the German Navy was virtually limited to the use of submarines, without surface and naval air support. In the Pacific, Japanese sea power was hampered by army control, and Japanese naval officers lacked the freedom of initiative so necessary to gain and exercise command of the seas. On the other hand, while ours was a vast fleet, it was also a highly flexible and well balanced fleet, in which ships, planes, amphibious forces and service forces in due proportion were available for unified action whenever and wherever called upon.

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    It is of interest to note, in connection with formulation of plans for the future strength of our Navy, that our fleet in World War II was not solely engaged in fighting enemy fleets. On numerous occasions a large part of the fleet effort was devoted to operations against land objectives. A striking example is the capture of Okinawa. During the three months that this operation was in progress our Pacific Fleet—the greatest naval force ever assembled in the history of the world—was engaged in a continuous battle which for sustained intensity has never been equaled in naval history: yet at this time the Japanese Navy had virtually ceased to exist—we were fighting an island, not an enemy fleet.

    With the possible exception of amphibious warfare, which covers a field of considerably broader scope, the outstanding development of the war in the field of naval strategy and tactics has been the convincing proof and general acceptance of the fact that, in accord with the basic concept of the United States Navy, a concept established some 25 years ago, naval aviation is and must always be an integral and primary component of the fleet. Naval aviation has proved its worth not only in its basic purpose of destroying hostile air and naval forces, but also in amphibious warfare involving attacks in support of landing operations, in reconnaissance over the sea and in challenging and defeating hostile land-based planes over positions held in force by the enemy. In these fields our naval aviation has won both success and distinction. Because of its mobility and the striking power and long range of its weapons, the aircraft carrier has, proved itself a major and vital element of naval strength, whose only weakness—its vulnerability—demands the support of all other types, and thereby places an additional premium on the flexibility and balance of our fleet. The balanced fleet is the effective fleet.

    In a balanced fleet the several components must be welded together rather than simply coordinated. For example, submarines normally operate “on their own” and hasty consideration might lead to the false conclusion that it would be advantageous for submarines to constitute a separate independent service. However, careful consideration will disclose the fallacy inherent in reasoning from this premise. Actually, the commanding officer of a submarine, to fight his ship most effectively, must be familiar with all phases of naval tactics and strategy. It is also essential that officers in surface ships understand the capabilities and limitations of submarines. This is accomplished in time of peace by requiring that submarine officers alternate periods of submarine duty with duty in vessels of other types. By this means, the point of view of the officer corps as a whole is broadened and in the higher echelons of command there are always included officers who have had submarine experience.

    Aviation, though a specialty, is much more closely interwoven with the rest of the fleet than is the submarine branch of the Navy. It is, in fact, impossible to imagine an efficient, modern fleet in which there is not a complete welding of aviation and surface elements. This is accomplished by requiring aviators to rotate in other duties in the same manner as do submarine officers, and by requiring non-aviators familiarize themselves with aircraft operations -not a difficult matter, since not only carriers but also battleships and cruisers are equipped with aircraft aviation is part of the ordinary daily life of the officer at sea.

    Of course, it is not possible to effect rotation of duties of all submarine and air officers during the war. As a matter of fact, this is true of duty in all classes of ships. It is necessary during Wartime to train certain officers—especially the reserves—for one particular type of duty and to keep them at it. However, the long periods of peace-time training, in which an officer obtains the ‘rounded experience to fit him for higher command, have been utilized in the past to give officers experience in varied duties and the practice will be continued in the future. The wisdom of that system was proved during the war by the efficiency of aircraft carriers, commanded by qualified aviators who also were experienced in handling ships, and, particularly, by the efficiency of the high combat commands of the Pacific Fleet. Many of the major units of the Pacific Fleet, com- posed of carriers and vessels of all other types, were commanded by aviators. The strength of the Navy lies in the complete integration of its submarine, surface and air elements.

    The epic advance of our united forces across the vast Pacific, westward from Hawaii and northward from New Guinea, to the Philippines and to the shores of Japan, was spearheaded by naval aviation and closely supported by the power of our fleets. In these advances, some of the steps exceeded 2000 miles and the assaulting troops often had to be transported for much greater distances. The Navy moved them over water, landed them and supported them in great force at the beaches, kept them supplied and, particularly at Okinawa, furnished air cover during weeks of the critical fighting ashore.

    The outstanding development of this war, in the field of joint undertakings, was the perfection of amphibious operations, the most difficult of all operations in modern warfare. Our success in all such operations, from Normandy to Okinawa, involved huge quantities of specialized equipment, exhaustive study and planning, and thorough training as were as complete integration of all forces, under unified command.

    Integration and unification characterized every amphibious operation of the war and all were such successful. Command was determined chiefly by application of the principle of paramount capability. A naval officer was in over-all command of an amphibious operation while troops were embarked and until they had been landed and were firmly established in their first main objectives ashore. Beyond that point, an officer of the ground forces was in command and directed whatever naval support was considered necessary.

    Unity of command at the highest military level, in Washington, (as an extension of the principle of the unity of command) was never attempted nor, in fact seriously considered. It is a matter of record that the strategic direction of the war, as conducted selectively by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, was fully

 


Comparative Status of US and Japanese Combatant Ships

[6] 

successful as were the operations which they directed. The Joint Chiefs of Staff system proved its worth. There is no over-all “paramount capability” among the Joint Chiefs of Staff to warrant elevating one of their members to a position of military commander of all the armed forces,—nor, in my opinion, is there any known system or experience which can be counted upon to produce the man qualified for such a position. This war has produced no such man—for the records of the Joint Chiefs of Staff will show that the proposals, or the convictions of no one member were as sound, or as promising of success, as the united judgment and agreed decisions of all of the members.

    In connection with the matter of command in the field, there is perhaps a popular misconception that the Army and the Navy were intermingled in a standard form of joint operational organization in every theater throughout the world. Actually, the situation was never the same in any two areas. For example, after General of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower had completed his landing in Normandy, his operation became purely a land campaign. The Navy was responsible for maintaining the line of communications across the ocean and for certain supply operations in the ports of Europe, and small naval groups became part of the land army for certain special purposes, such as the boat groups that helped in the crossing of the Rhine. But the strategy and tactics of the great battles leading up to the surrender of Germany were primarily army affairs and no naval officer had anything directly to do with the command of this land campaign. '

    A different situation existed in the Pacific, where, in the process of capturing small atolls, the fighting was almost entirely within range of naval gunfire; that is to say, the whole operation of capturing an atoll was amphibious in nature, with artillery and air support primarily naval. This situation called for a mixed Army-Navy organization trusted to the command of Fleet Admiral Nimitz. A still different situation existed in the early days of the war during the Solomon Islands campaign where Army and Navy became, of necessity, so thoroughly intermingled that they were, to all practical purposes, a single service directed by Admiral William F. Halsey, Jr. Under General of the Army Douglas MacArthur, Army, Army Aviation, and the naval components of his command were separated entities tied together only at the top in the person of General MacArthur himself. In the Mediterranean the scheme of command differed somewhat from all the others.

    All these systems of command were successful largely because each was placed in effect to meet the specific condition imposed by the Characteristics of the current situation in the theater of operations that emphasize this fact because it is important to realize that there can be no hard and fast rule for setting up commands in the field. Neither is it possible to anticipate with accuracy the nature of coming war methods adopted in one may require radical ambition for the next, as was true of World Wars I and II. It was fortunate that the War Department and the Navy Department working together for many years—definitely since World War I—before the war began, had correctly diagnosed what was likely to occur and had instituted, not rigid rules, but a set of principles for joint action in the field which proved sufficiently flexible to meet the varying conditions that were encountered during the war.

    We now have before us the essential lessons of this war. It is my earnest conviction that whatever else may have been learned as to the most effective relationship of, the ground, naval and air forces the most definite and most important lesson is that to attempt unity of command in Washington in ill-advised in concept and would be impracticable of realization.

 

II - COMBAT OPERATIONS: PACIFIC

    The final phase of the Pacific naval war commenced with the assault on Iwo Jima in February 1945, closely followed by that on Okinawa in April. These two positions were inner defenses of Japan itself; their capture by United States forces meant that the heart of the Empire would from then on be exposed to the full fury of attack, not only by our carrier aircraft but also by land-based planes, the latter in a strength comparable to that which had wreaked such devastation against the better protected and less vulnerable cities of Germany. After Okinawa was in our hands, the Japanese were in a desperate situation, which could be alleviated only if they could strike a counterblow, either by damaging our fleet or by driving us from our advanced island positions. The inability of the Japanese to do either was strong evidence of their increasing impotence and indicated that the end could not be long" delayed.

THE CAPTURE OF IWO JIMA 

    The strategic situation prior to the assault on Iwo Jima, the command organization for that operation and the forces involved, the landing on 19 February and the first ten days of ground fighting, have been included in my previous report and will not be repeated herein. As March opened, fierce ground fighting on Iwo Jima was still in progress. The front line ran roughly parallel to the short axis of the islets to the northeastern third of which was still held by the enemy. Our right flank (4th Marine Division) extended inland from the beach just beyond the East Boat Basin and faced the enemy’s skillfully prepared defense positions in steep and rough terrain, which made progress difficult; our left flank (5th Marine Division) rested on Hiraiwa Bay directly across the island; in the center the 3rd Marine Division had

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pushed a salient along the central Motoyama Plateu occupy Motoyamn village and the near end of Airfield No 3. By nightfall of 2 March this last air-field and the whole of the Motoyama tableland were under our control, leaving the enemy in possession of a diminishing horseshoe-shaped area fringing the northeastern end of the island.

    Airfield No. 1 had for some days been in use by light artillery spotting planes. but on 3 March it came into its own when a B-29, after a strike against the Japanese mainland, made a successful forced landing at Iwo Jima. More of such landings followed as the tempo of air strikes against Japan was stepped up on 6 March the first land-based fighter planes came in, made patrol flights the following day, and relieved carrier aircraft in close support of troops on the third day after arrival. Airfield No. 2 was operational on 16 March. Progress during the first week of March was slow despite daily artillery preparation, supplemented by naval gunfire and air strikes before each ground attack. On the night of 7-8 March the 4th Marine Division killed about 1000 enemy troops who had organized major infiltration. Subsequently the resistance to our attacks diminished somewhat, and during the next three days control was secured of all the eastern coastline to a distance of approximately 4000 yards south of Kitano Point at the northeastern extremity of the island. On 16 March the northwest shore had been reached and Kitano Point isolated. Much mopping up remained to be done, particularly of a small stubborn pocket of resistance in one of the rugged gluches running southwest to the beaches from Kitano Point; but on 16 March all organized resistance was declared ended as of 1800, and the 4th Marine Division started re-embarking.

    On 14 March the flag was raised officially and the establishment of military government was proclaimed. On 18 March the 5th Marine Division reembarked. On 20 March the U. S. Army 147th Infantry Regiment of the garrison force arrived. At 0800 on 26 March, responsibility for the defense and development of Iwo Jima passed to the garrison force and the Commander Forward Area, Central Pacific. The capture of the island had taken 26 days of actual combat; over 20,000 enemy troops were destroyed; and our casualties ashore, as reported on 17 March, were 20,196, of whom 4,305 were killed in action. The diminutive size of Iwo Jima and its general barrenness, lack of natural facilities and resources should lead no one either to minimize the importance of capturing it or to deprecate as unreasonable and unnecessary our heavy losses in doing so. It was important solely as an air base, but as such its importance was great. Not only was the pressure of Air attack by our Marianas-based B-29’s materially intensified by the availability of Iwo for topping them off with fuel and for supplying them with cover from there on, but also there was an increase in combat effectiveness of the B-29’s due to the heightened morale of personnel, heavier bombardment and decrease in abortive flights. There was, more over, a substantial saving in valuable life in the presence of B-29’s which would have been shot down in Japan had there been no fighter cover, and in the number which would have been lost at sea had IWO Jima not been available for emergency landings. It is estimated that the lives saved through this latter factor alone, subsequent to the capture of Iwo Jima, exceeded the lives lost in the capture itself.

    This loss of life during the capture resulted inevitably from the strength of Iwo Jima as defensive position and from the readiness of the enemy. Neither strategic nor tactical surprise was possible 'in our landing since, with Luzon and the Marianas in our hands, the seizure of some point in the Nanpo Shoto chain was obviously our next move, and Iwo Jima was by its location and the character of its terrain the most profitable objective. It had no extensive coast line to afford invading troops a choice of landing points where they would meet little opposition, either on the beaches or in subsequent deployments for advance against enemy positions. Landing was feasible on only two beaches of limited extent, and they were so situated that a single defensive organization could oppose an assault against either separately or both simultaneously. The Japanese were, therefore, well prepared to meet us.

    The defensive organization of Iwo Jima was the most complete and effective yet encountered. The beaches were flanked by high terrain favorable to the defenders. Artillery, mortars, and rocket launchers were well concealed, yet could register on both beaches—in fact, on any point on the island. Observation was possible, both from Mount Suribachi at the south end and from a number of commanding hills rising above the northern plateau. The rugged volcanic crags, severe escarpments, and steep defiles sloping to the sea from all sides of-the central Motoyama tableland afforded excellent natural cover and concealment, and lent themselves readily to the construction of subterranean positions to which the Japanese are addicted.

    Knowing the superiority of the firepower that would be brought against them by air, sea, and land, they had gone underground most effectively, while remaining ready to man their positions with mortars, machine guns, and other portable weapons the instant our troops started to attack. The defenders were dedicated to expending themselves—but expending skillfully and protractedly in order to exact the uttermost toll from the attackers. Small wonder then that every step had to be won slowly by men inching forward with hand weapons, and at heavy costs. There was no other way of doing it.

    The skill and gallantry of our Marines in this exceptionally difficult enterprise was worthy of their best traditions and deserving of the highest commendation. This was equally true of the naval units acting in their support, especially those engaged at the hazardous beaches. American history offers no finer example of courage, ardor and efficiency.

    As a whole the operation affords a striking illustration of the inherently close relation between land, sea and air power. The fleet with its ships and planes delivered and supported the land forces. The Marines took an air base from which our land-based planes could operate with effectiveness far beyond that possible from our other bases in the rear. The

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same general pattern marked our long progress all the way across the vast central and western Pacific.

ASSAULT ON OKINAWA AND ITS CAPTURE

    Our capture of the Marianas and Philippines had placed us on a strategic line some 1300 miles from the Japanese homeland and across its direct routes of communication to the south. The occupation of Iwo Jima had advanced this line to within 640 miles of Tokyo at the eastern end. The next step directed by the Joint Chiefs of Staff was to secure a position in the Nansei Shoto chain, which extends in a shallow loop from Kyushu, the southernmost of the main Japanese islands, down to Japanese held Formosa. Okinawa, the largest and most populous island in this chain, offered numerous sites for airfields from which almost any type of plane could reach industrial Kyushu, only 350 miles distant, and attack the enemy’s communications to Korea, to the Chinese mainland, and to the Indo-China and Singapore areas. Since Okinawa also contained several excellent naval anchorages, it was chosen as the objective; the operations against it followed immediately on those for the capture of Iwo Jima.

    From many standpoints the Okinawa operation was the most difficult ever undertaken by our forces in the Pacific. It was defended by about 120,000 men including native Okinawans serving with the combat forces with tanks and artillery. As possible reinforcements there were some 60,000 troops in various other positions in the Nansei Shoto chain, plus much larger forces in nearby Formosa, Kyushu, and the Shanghai area. Also of great importance was the large native population, which afforded the enemy an unlimited supply of labor, and which might easily become a serious problem to us by clogging roads and imposing a burden of relief.

    The most serious threat to us, however, lay in the very factor for which we had initiated the operation, namely the short distance from Okinawa to the Japanese homeland, where lay the main reserves of air and naval power. Just as we would be able to strike Japan to for better effect after securing Okinawa, the Japanese could strike us while we were attacking that island. Japan’s naval strength had been so reduced that it could not hope for success against our own in a decisive action; but hit-and-run raids, or perhaps forlorn-hope, honor-saving attempts, were a possibility. Air attack, particularly of the suicide variety, was the greatest menace, since the Japanese airfields within easy range of Okinawa were too numerous to permit more than their partial and temporary interdiction by our own air strikes against them. Severe damage and losses, therefore, had to be expected and accepted as the price of our success.

    The operations for the capture of Okinawa were under the command of Admiral R. A. Spruance, Commander Fifth Fleet. Major forces participating under him were: the Joint Expeditionary Force (all elements engaged directly in the landings), Vice Admiral (now Admiral) R. K. Turner; the Expeditionary Troops (all ground forces engaged), the late Lieutenant General S. B. Buckner, USA; the Fast Carrier Force, Vice Admiral M. A. Mitscher, (including the battleships and other fire support vessels of the late Vice Admiral W. A. Leeʼs Striking Force,  the British Carrier Force, Vice Admiral H. B. Rawlings the Logistic Supply Group (tankers and cargo vessels which serviced the fleet under way close to the combat areas), Rear Admiral D. B. Beary; Service Squadron Ten (the repair, supply and service vessels of all kinds, based on Leyte Gulf, the Marianas, etc.), Commodore W. R. Carter; the Amphibious Support Force (comprising escort carriers, mine sweepers underwater demolition teams, gun-boats. and the gunery ships “assigned to bombardment missions), Admiral W. H. P. Blandy; and the Gunfire Covering Force (the battleships and other vessels not with the fast carriers), Rear Admiral L. Deyo. Numerous other participating task groups and units and their commanders are not mentioned herein. About 548,000 men of the Army, Navy and, Marine Corps took part, with 318 combatant vessels and -1139 auxiliary vessels, exclusive of personnel landing craft of all types. The greater part of the intelligence information required for the operation was obtained from photo graphic coverage. Adequate small scale coverage for mapping purposes was first obtained on 29 September 1944 by B-29ʼs of the XXI Bomber Command from then on until the conclusion of the operation additional photographing was done at frequent intervals by Army planes and planes of the Fast Carrier Force. The prompt developing, printing, and interpreting' of these photos, and the early and wide distribution of the prints and of the information gleaned from them, was an important feature of the operation.

    The island of Okinawa, which is about 65 miles long, is roughly divided into almost equal northern and southern parts. The northern area is generally rugged, mountainous, wooded and undeveloped. The southern area, which is generally rolling but frequently broken by deep scarps and ravines, is the developed part of the island, containing the greater number of towns, roads, and cultivated areas the; capital city of Naha, all five of the islandʼs airfields and the strongest defenses.

    The preferred plan called for our ground forces to land on six miles of beach on the southwest shore protected from the prevailing northeast trade worlds and closely, bordering the islandʼs Yontan airfields. Four divisions were to landed abreast on these beaches. With the two center divisions advancing directly across the island to the east coast, and with the left and right flank division voting toward the north and south respectively the Japanese forces in the southern part of the island would be isolated by these maneuvers, and were then to be overcome by attack from the north. Coinciding with the main troop attack, there was planned for the southeast coast a demonstration, and an actual landing, if necessary.

    Planned operations preliminary to, and in support of the main landings, included the following: The seizure of the islands of the Kerama Retto group 20 miles to the southwest, in order to establish therein a logistics supply and naval repair base and a plane base; the seizure of the small island of Keote Shima, about 20,000 yards from the landing beaches


Map of Okinawa


Okinawa Two Japanese planes shot down while attacking invasion fleet

and 11.000 yards from Naha city, and landing army artillery there to command the lower end of Okinawa: mine sweeping on a scale greater than in any previous operation; the usual work by underwater demolition teams: and the intensive bombardments by air and naval forces.

    Cargo and troops were loaded and embarked on the United States west coast. in the Hawaiian Islands, in the southwestern Pacific, the Marshalls, the Carolines, and Leyte. The various elements proceeded to assemble afloat at Ulithi, Guadalcanal, Saipan, and Leyte. Following rehearsals the several forces departed for the objective in the more than 1200 ships of all kinds which the Joint Expeditionary Force contained. Movement of all forces to the objective was carried out without enemy interference. Operational breakdowns enroute were insignificant, a fact which speaks well for the efficiency of our material and our personnel in operation, maintenance, and repair. An indispensable element in the campaign as a whole was the covering operations of the Fast Carrier Force, which are given in some detail in the next section of this report.

    The mine sweepers were in the van, and on L-minus- 8 day, 24 March, commenced sweeping under cover of gunfire from battleships of the Fast Carrier Force, and continued this work up to L- -day, 1 April. There were 75 sweepers; and the entire coastal perimeter of southern Okinawa was cleared of mines during this pre- -assault phase, in addition to the sweeping necessary for the capture of Kerama Retto and Ie Shima. Including re-sweeping, over 3000 square miles were swept and declared safe prior to L-day. Some 177 mines were swept and about 80 floaters destroyed. The thoroughness of which is evidenced by the safety with which bombardment and assault ships in great numbers closed the assault beaches without significant loss from mines.

    On L-minus-6 day the assault On was commenced, and by L-minus-l, 31 March, the islands and also Keise Shima had been occupied against minor resistance. Nets were immediately dropped to protect the anchorages, and the seaplane base was established. Tankers, ammunition Ships and repair vessels were brought directly to this airfield which assumed a progressively more important as the principal haven for ships damaged by kamakaze” attacks of suicide planes.

    Since L-minus-7, 25 March, Okinawa itself had been under intermittent bombing and gunfire since on L-day, 1 April, preceded by intense naval and air bombardment, the Tenth Army landed according to schedule over the Hagushi beaches on Okinawa against light enemy resistance. The assault then embarked in amphibious vehicles, hit the beach at 0830, moved rapidly inland, and by 1230 had captured both Yontan and Kadena airfields with light losses. Prior to dark the Tenth Army, with approximately 50,000 troops ashore, had gained a beachhead 4000 to 5000 yards in depth. Proceeding rapidly against the initially weak resistance, our troops crossed the island to the east shore, and on 4 April the Yonté Kadena segment of the island was in our hands.

    The Japanese had made no serious attempt to stop us at the beaches where we had landed; as the attack progressed from day to day, it was evident that they had withdrawn most of their forces in toward the southernmost part of the island, and had

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established their defenses in depth on terrain admirably for defense and delaying action tactics. The primary defenses Consisted of blockhouses, pillboxes, and caves, protected by double apron barbed wire and minefields. Here the enemy used his artillery and his defensive tactics were described as artful and fantastic.”

    In the north progress was rapid against scattered opposition; on 22 April all organized resistance in the northern two thirds of the island had ceased, through patrolling and mopping up continued. In the south our advance was stubbornly contested. From 4 April to 26 May our lines had advanced only about four miles, and it took from 26 May to 21 June to cover the remaining ten miles to the southern tip of the island. On 21 June, after eighty-two days of bitter fighting, organized resistance was declared to have ‘ended, although mopping up of two small enemy pockets remained to be done.

    On 18 June, while observing the attack of the Marine 8th Regimental Combat Team, Lieutenant general Buckner, Commanding General of the Tenth Amy and the Ryukyus Forces, was instantly killed by a shell burst. Command of the ground forces was then assumed by Major General Roy S. Geiger, USMC, until after the capture of the island, when he 'Was relieved by General Joseph W. Stillwell, USA,-on 23 June.

    The general pattern of the operation for the captain of Okinawa was similar to those for the capture of Iwo Jima, the Marianas, the Marshalls, etc.; it differed mainly in the size of the air, naval, and ground forces employed, the length of time required to secure it after the initial landing, and the number of naval vessels damaged or sunk at the scene of operations by air attack, mainly of the suicide variety. Having been experienced in previous operations, this form of attack was not new, but the shorter distance from numerous air bases in Japan, and the desperate situation which would threaten the Japanese if our assault on Okinawa were successful, stimulated them to their greatest and most fanatical ' effort.

    The time element was closely connected with the extent of our ship losses. By its very nature an amphibious invasion implies advancing a huge number of vessels, both combatant and noncombatant, from a zone dominated by one’s own land-based airforces into one hitherto dominated by the enemy’s. Our vessels are localized by the landing so that the enemy has not the problem of finding them, but only of hitting them. Thus exposed, their protection depends wholly on their own antiaircraft fire, smoke, and on cover from our own carrier-based air forces, which are to that extent diverted from offensive missions. This precarious situation for shipping continues until progress ashore at the objective results in relief: first, by the establishment of our own airforces, air facilities, antiaircraft radars, and fighter-directors ashore in strength sufficient to dominate the area; secondly, and more important, by releasing most of the shipping so that there are fewer vulnerable targets presented to an enemy that gets through. The longer this relief is delayed by the continuance of ground fighting, the higher our shipping casualties mount. The longer the Navy must remain in support of assault troop operations, the more vulnerable it is to attack, and the higher is the proportion of


Okinawa, Japanese bomber crashes into sea after unsuccessful attack on fast carrier task force

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personnel and ship casualties. Slow progress on the ground is directly reflected, therefore, in naval losses.

    The first enemy air attack at Okinawa occurred on 24 March when the mine sweepers arrived; the first damage was done on 26 March; and by 21 June, when organized resistance had ceased. about 250 vessels of all classes, from battleships and carriers down to destroyers and landing ships, had been hit by air attack. by far the greatest proportion of them in suicide crashes. Some 34 destroyers or smaller craft were sunk. Early warning of impending attacks proved to be the best countermeasure and for this purpose destroyers and other small vessels were stationed as pickets at appropriate distances from the concentrations of heavier shipping. These pickets took the heaviest losses themselves, but in so do' they undoubtedly saved many bigger able vessels during a critical three months.

FAST CARRIER FORCE OPERATIONS IN SUPPORT OF OKINAWA INVASION

    After the supporting operations for the Iwo Jima campaign were completed. Vice Admiral Mitscher proceeded with his fast carrier task force in support of the forthcoming Okinawa campaign. First he went toward the Nansei Shoto in order to obtain photo- graphic coverage of that area. Planes were launched on 1 March. and excellent photo reconnaissance was obtained for use in planning the Okinawa campaign. While in this area, cruisers of the force bombarded Okino-Daito-Shima on 2 March. starting numerous fires and providing valuable training for the ships participating. The force then proceeded to Ulithi for a ten-day period of regrouping and logistic replenishment.

    On 14 March the task force departed from Ulithi and proceeded toward Japan to carry out its part in the invasion of Okinawa. On 18-19 March. from a position 100 miles southeast of Kyushu. air strikes were launched against airfields on that island in order to eliminate future air-borne resistance to our Okinawa invasion forces. Fleet units at Kure and Kobe were also attacked with considerable success.

    On the morning of the 19th the carrier Franklin was badly damaged by fires started when she was hit by two bombs from an enemy plane. Outstanding rescue operations saved 850 men from the water, but the dead and missing totalled 772.

    During that afternoon the task force retired southward, launching additional sweeps against enemy airfields to forestall an organized attack on the slowly moving damaged ships and escorts. On 21 March 48 enemy planes were intercepted 60 miles from the force by 24 carrier-based planes. In the ensuing battle all the Japanese planes were shot down with a loss of only two of our fighters.

    In a four-day period. Vice Admiral Mitscher’s forces destroyed 528 enemy planes, damaged 16 enemy surface craft, and either destroyed or damaged scores of hangars, factories, and warehouses. Our own plane losses were 116. As a result of this operation, the enemy was unable to mount any strong air attack against our forces on Okinawa for a week after the initial landings.

    On 24 March, under the command of Vice Admiral Lee, battleships of the task force bombarded the southeastern coast of Okinawa. This was part of a diversionary move to cover up the actual location of our landing beaches; apparently the ruse was successful.

    When the invasion of Okinawa began on 1 April planes from the fast carriers began a series of almost continuous strikes and combat air patrols in direct support of the operation. For a few days enemy air opposition was almost nonexistent, but on 6 April the Japanese finally struck with fury against over ground and supporting forces. All units of the carrier force performed admirably during the day’s attack, knocking down 248 planes, while losing on the carrier task force then proceeded northward and on 7 April attacked strong Japanese fleet units which had been located in the East China Sea off Kyushu. Heavy weather handicapped our aimen but in spite of this they sank the battleship Yamato, the cruiser Yahagi, and 4 destroyers fires were started on 2 other destroyers, and only 3 destroyers in the entire force escaped without damage.

    While our planes were otherwise occupied it striking the Yamato and those ships, the enemy resumed the heavy assaults of the previous against the carrier force. Combat air patrols destroyed 15 planes over the force, and ships’ gunfire knocked down 3 more. One suicide plane penetrated the antiaircraft fire, however, and dropped a bombs on the carrier Hancock; it then crashed on her flight deck, killing 28 men, and badly damaging the carrier.

    On 11 April the enemy resumed the air attack on the fast carrier task force. The number of Japanese planes participating was not large, but their pilots were determined to destroy themselves by diving their planes directly on the chosen target. Fortunately there were no direct hits, but 8 near misses caused some damage. During the day our carrier based planes shot down 17 of these suicide plans and ships’ gunfire destroyed 12 more, but they still constituted a serious threat to our forces.

    The next day the enemy shifted the weight of this suicide attacks to the ships anchored at Okinawa and the combat air patrols from both fast and escort carriers had little difficulty in shooting down 151 enemy planes over the islands.

    On 15 April the carriers launched a surprise attack against southern Kyushu airfields, destroying 51 enemy planes on the ground and setting numerous ground installations afire. The Japanese managed to launch some planes in opposition, and 29 of these were shot down before our aircraft returned to the carriers.

     Fighter sweeps were again launched against Kyushu on 16 April in an effort to break up an obvious major enemy air attack. They shot down 17 airborne planes and destroyed 54 on the ground. In spite of this success, however, the enemy launched heavy air attacks during the day against our Okinawa forces and the fast carrier task force. All ground support was cancelled, and every effort was concentrated on a successful defense of the task force. The final score for the day was 210 enemy aircraft shot down,

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against a loss of 9 of our planes. Heavy damage. was 'caused to the carrier Intrepid when a suicide plane crashed on her flight deck at the height of the battle.

    On 19 April Vice Admiral Lee commanded a division of fast battleships in the bombardment of the southeastern coast of Okinawa. This action coincided with the beginning of the Tenth Army’s all-out offensive. The bombardment not only destroyed important military installations, but it assisted in making a feint landing at that point appear authentic.

    On 29 April suicide planes again attacked the task force in strength, hitting and badly damaging two destroyers. The enemy paid for them, however, with 25 aircraft knocked out of the air by planes and guns of the task force.

    After several days of relative calm, enemy aircraft returned in large numbers on 4 May to attack our land and amphibious forces in the Okinawa area this attack was apparently part of a counter-landing operation to aid their own ground forces. The fast filer task force was not attacked, however, and its fighters were free to defend the Okinawa area, shooting down 98 enemy aircraft, while losing only 5 planes.

    On 11 May another major air battle was fought over Okinawa and the ships of the task force. Carrier-based planes shot down 69 enemy aircraft, ships gunfire accounted for 3 more, while 2 were destroyed in suicide dives on the carrier Bunker Hill. This ship was badly damaged, and 373 of her person were killed, with 19 missing. The fast carriers moved northward on 12 May and launched additional air strikes against Kyushu airfields on 13-14 May. Few planes were found and virtually no air opposition was encountered over the fields. On the morning of the 14th, however, the enemy managed to launch a force of 26 planes against the ships of the task force. Of these 6 were shot down by “ships’ gunfire and 19 by combat air patrol; the remaining plane was destroyed in a damaging suicide crash on Enterprise.

    On 24 May the fast carriers launched a clean-up sweep by 98 planes against airfields in southern Kyushu. Except on Kanoya airfields little activity was found, and it was evident that the previous strikes against this area had been very effective. The score for the day was 84 enemy planes destroyed, while our losses were confined to 3 planes lost to antiaircraft fire off Kanoya.

    On 28 May the late Vice Admiral J. S. McCain relieved Vice Admiral Mitscher as commander of the fast carrier task forces.

    On 2-3 June further long-range sweeps were launched against Kyushu, but bad weather impaired their effectiveness. Only 30 enemy planes were destroyed, while our losses were 16. By 4 June the


Okinawa, carrier Intrepid hit by a Japanese suicide plane on 16 April 1945

bad weather had developed into a typhoon, and the ships of the task force spent the next 24 hours in attempting to avoid the storm’s center. Serious damage to 3 cruisers, 2 carriers, and 1 destroyer resulted.

    Operations were resumed on 8 June when a final attack was made on southern Kyushu. It was well executed, but previous raids had so reduced Japanese air strength in this area that only 29 planes could be destroyed.‘ Only 4 of our carrier planes were lost. On 8 and 9 June cruisers and battleships from Vice Admiral McCain’s task force bombarded Okino Daito and Minami Daito to the east of Okinawa. These attacks terminated the supporting action of the fast carrier task force, and on 10 June course was set for Leyte Gulf, where they anchored on 13 June for a period of replenishment and repair.

    For a period of nearly three months, the fast carriers and their- escorts had operated in and near the

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Okinawa area, giving invaluable support of our occupation forces. During this time the task force had destroyed 2336 enemy planes, while losing 557 of its own aircraft. In addition, widespread damage had been inflicted upon shore installations. In Japan, the Nansei Shoto, and upon important units of the Japanese fleet. This remarkable record detracted considerably from the ability of the enemy to oppose our landing forces on Okinawa, thereby contributing notably to our final success.

BRITISH CARRIER OPERATIONS

    A fast British carrier task force, under the command of Vice Admiral Rawlings, was assigned to Admiral Spruance’s Fifth Fleet to assist in the air support operations for the Okinawa assault. From 26 March to 20 April, and again from 4 May to 25 May, planes from this force rendered valuable service in neutralizing the enemy air installations on Sakishima Gunto, southwest of Okinawa. Carriers of the force were subjected to frequent attacks by suicide planes, but none of them was put out of action. Battleships and cruisers of the force bombarded Miyako Jima on 4 May with satisfactory results.

JOINT OPERATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES AND BORNEO

    The situation in the Philippines on 1 March 1945 found United States forces controlling all of Leyte and Mindoro, most of Samar except a small area in the north, the central part of Luzon from Lingayen Gulf to Manila and certain areas to the south. Isolated resistance was still encountered within a few buildings in Manila and islands in the bay. Guerillas controlled substantial areas of the Visayan Islands and Mindanao. Landings had been made on 28 February at Puerto Princesa on the east coast of Palawan with practically no Opposition. Control was quickly extended over adjacent territory, providing airfields from which enemy sea traffic in waters to the westward and southward could be observed and attacked. Japanese concentrations still existed in many key cities of the Philippines and along certain of the routes which our ships had to travel to bring up vitally needed supplies and munitions. In addition, though their general air strength in the area had greatly diminished, the Japanese still controlled a number of airfields which permitted harassing attacks.

    A series of operations was undertaken to gain control of the important straits leading into central Philippine waters in order to cut OH enemy reinforcements and to set the stage for the ultimate reduction of remaining Japanese strongholds in the Philippines. The capture of Palawan provided an effective barrier on the west and gave us a base for naval and air operations which controlled the Balabac Strait entrance from the South China Sea to the Sulu Sea. At the same time we secured the most direct sea lane to Manila with an amphibious assault on Lubang Island, controlling the Verde Island Passage just south of the capital. The islands of Burias and Ticao were seized on 4 March and Romblon and Simara on 12 March. Possession of these islands afforded interaction to our shipping through San Banardino Strait and obviated the need for the roundabout route through Surigao Strait which was still subject to air attacks from the Visayas.

    The campaign to complete the reoccupation of the Philippines resolved itself naturally into a series of amphibious landings to seize control of coastal cities and other strongly held Japanese positions. In March three such landing were made by forces of Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid's Seventh Fleet.

    The first of these landings was made on 10 March at Zamboanga. at the southwest tip of Mindanao, in order to obtain control of the passage from the Sulu to the Celebes Sea, secure naval and air facilities with which to compress the Japanese remaining in the central Philippines. and provide a further steppingstone down the Sulu Archipelago for future operations towards Borneo. The attack group was under command of the late Rear Admiral F. B. Royal. Light cruisers and destroyers bombarded enemy positions there for two days while mine sweepers made sure the approaches were clear. On 10 March the 4lst Division was put ashore under moderate enemy artillery and mortar fire. The troops quickly overran Zamboanga City and the two airfields nearby, driving the Japanese back into the hills. A further landing was made on Basilan Island on 16 March without enemy opposition.

    On 18 March a similar assault force landed at Iloilo on the island of Panay. To clear this island and establish radar and air facilities as well as motor torpedo boar bases, the 40th Division was staged from Lingayen Gulf. Only token opposition to the landings was offered, and naval gunfire preparation was withheld to save the lives of natives. The assault group was commanded by Rear Admiral A. D. Struble Iloilo City was secured on the 20th; the docks and harbor area were found practically undamaged. Subsequent minor operations had by the end of March virtually cleared Panay and nearby smaller islands.

    Troops of the Americal Division were used for the landing at Cebu on 26 March. Captain A. T. Sprague Jr., commanded the attack group, which was supported by covering group of cruisers and destroyers under the command of Rear Admiral R. S. Berkley. Although the beaches were well organized for defense, the enemy positions there were found abandoned. Cebu City was captured on the next day, the troops inland developed, requiring extensive ground operations to clear the island.

    On 17 April, after naval bombardment and air strikes, the X Corps with two divisions landed at Malabang (On Moro Gulf in southern Mindanao) and moved overland toward Davao Gulf against light opposition. Rear Admiral A. G. Noble commanded the naval task group and Rear Admiral R. S. Riggs the cruiser force which covered the landings. Cotobato and its airfield were secured on the next day. A novel feature of this campaign was the successful use of light landing craft on rivers leading inland Davao Gulf was reached late in April and Davao City was captured on 4 May, followed by further extension of control along the shores of the Gulf. In the meantime,

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troops also advanced northward and effected a junction on 33 May with a regimental combat team which had been landed at Macajalar on the north coast on 9 May. These operations effectively sealed off enemy garrisons in the interior of the island where they could be mapped up at leisure.

    The landing at Malabang was the last large amphibious assault necessary for the reoccupation of the Philippines, but a number of minor landings on the small islands were required in order to eliminate their garrison. The most important of these were the crossing of a regimental combat team from Iloilo to Pulpupandan Point on northern Negros on 29 March, to assist in clearing that island of the enemy; the landing of another at Legaspi, Luzon, on 1 April to facilitate the clearing of the Bicol Peninsula; and landings by a third such unit at Sanga Sanga in the Tawi Tawi group on 2 April and at Jolo on 8 April. Such landings were generally supported by naval gunfire. as well as by air strikes. Landings were also made at Masbate on 3 April: on Busuanga Island, lying between Mindoro and Palawan, on 9 April; and at Tagbiliran, Bohol Island, on 11 April. Bohol was the only major island in the Philippines on which we had not yet established a firm hold. From this time until the close of hostilities, most naval operations in the Philippines involved small groups transporting and covering American troops and guerrillas in shore-to-shore movements. The major units of the Seventh Fleet were occupied with the invasion of Borneo to the south.

    The operations against Borneo, which began in May. were designed to deny the enemy the fruits of his conquests in the Netherlands East Indies and his use of the approaches to those areas. These included the capture of Tarakan to obtain its petroleum resources and to provide an airfield for support of the Balikpapan operation; the seizure of Brunei Bay to establish an advance fleet base and protect resources in that area; and the occupation of Balikpapan to establish naval air and logistic facilities and to conserve petroleum installations there. Vice Admiral D. E. Barbey was designated the commander of the Borneo attack force.

    The first Borneo operation was directed against the island of Tarakan, approximately 185 miles southwest of Tawi Tawi, to overcome some 3000 Japanese that were estimated to be on the island, and to develop facilities for future operations. Australian and American cruisers and destroyers began shelling the island on 27 April and continued through 1 May. At the same time the mine-sweeping group cleared the necessary approaches. Numerous neutralizing air raids had been made on airfields in the area. On 1 May the attack group under Rear. Admiral Royal moved in. Units of the 9th Australian Division were landed on schedule with only small arms opposition.

    In the second Borneo operation the 9th Australian Division, reinforced, was transported from Morotai to the Brunei Bay area of northern Borneo. Three separate landings were made at Labuan Island and on the mainland at Bintang and Cape Polompong. Air support was furnished by the United States Thirteenth Air" Force and the Australian -First Tactical Air Force. For ten days preceding the target date air strikes neutralized enemy airfields and harassed troop movements and shipping in Borneo, with emphasis on Brunei Bay targets the last three days. Mine sweeping began on 7 June under the protection of Rear Admiral Berkey’s covering force of cruisers and destroyers. The mine sweeper Salute struck a mine and sank with many casualties.

Beginning on 9 June a distant covering group of cruisers and destroyers under Rear Admiral Riggs patrolled 50 miles west of Brunei Bay to prevent enemy surface interference. .

The attack group commander was again Rear Admiral Royal. On 10 June, after an hour of heavy

bombardment which caused the enemy to retreat from the beaches, the assault waves landed without opposition and moved inland against slight resistance.

When the landings had


BORNEO OPERATIONS - Australian troops landing from LST 560 at Brunei Bay, 10 June 1945

been sunk off the Malay coast by a British submarine, the, distant cover group was withdrawn on 11 June. Throughout the operation motor torpedo boats rendered valuable assistance strafing shore targets and patrolling the area. One hundred twenty miles to the south at Miri-Lutong a supplementary landing was made by combined forces after a week of mine sweeping in which 458 mines were swept.

    The operations against Balikpapan were carried out under Rear Admiral Noble as commander of the attack group, and Rear Admiral Riggs as commander of the cruiser covering group. In preparation for the attack heavy air strikes had been made for a month using the Army, Navy and Australian air forces with as many as 100 sorties a day. The target date was set for 1 July. Sixteen days prior to this, mine sweeping and underwater demolition activities began with covering fire from cruisers and destroyers. This was met with intense reaction from enemy coastal guns.


BORNEO OPERATIONS Rockets fired by LCI (R) 338 preparatory to landings at Balikpapan, 1 July 1945

Three mine sweepers were damaged by enemy fire and three were sunk and one damaged by exploding mines. There was some doubt as to whether the target date could be met, (but finally on 24 June destroyers were able to get close enough inshore to smother the enemy guns before the landing. An escort carrier' group under the late Rear Admiral. W. D. Sample provided day and night air cover, since land planes were based too far distant to assure their presence in the case of bad weather.

    The attack force consisted of the largest number of ships used in the Southwest Pacific area since the Lingayen landings. In the cover and carrier groups were 9 cruisers (including 2 Australian and 1 Dutch), 3 escort carriers. and destroyer escorts. The attack group was of comparable scale. After an intense two-hour bombardment on 1 July, the assault waves moved ashore. In spite of enemy artillery, mortar and small arms fire, seventeen assault waves landed without a single casualty. Stiffening resistance was met as the troops progressed inland and fire support was rendered by cruisers both day and night. This support continued through 7 July. A further landing at Cape Penajam was made Without casualties on 5 July. There was no surface or subsurface interference with the attacking forces, and only four light harassing attacks were made by enemy planes with no damage to our ships or personnel.

    While the period covered by this report witnessed no single naval operation of the size and scope of the Leyte or Lingayen landings, the numerous amphibious operations in which the Seventh Fleet participated contributed materially to the consolidation of our positions in the Philippines and the wresting of vital resources from the enemy in Borneo.

These numerous amphibious landings were conducted on short notice and in many instances were so closely spaced that for all practical purposes they were concurrent operations. Their successful completion on schedule reflects great credit on the commanders responsible for their planning and execution. In addition to the landing operations, unremitting

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and constantly mounting pressure was maintained on the enemy by Seventh Fleet submarines, aircraft, and motor torpedo boats, which by June had brought to a virtual standstill all enemy sea-borne and coastal transport in the Southwest Pacific area.

    Of equal importance with the offensive operations mentioned above were the large movements of men and supplies into the Philippines, and the extensive redeployment of men and equipment within the area in preparation for the staging of the protected landings on the Japanese home islands. The control and protection of the large number of ships employed for this task were successfully accomplished with but loss from enemy action, although a considerable strain was placed on the available facilities and forces.

    With the cessation of hostilities, the Commander Seventh Fleet was relieved of all responsibilities as senior naval officer in the Southwest Pacific area and with a reconstituted Seventh Fleet assigned the tasks of occupying and controlling the waters of the Yellow Sea, Gulf of Pohai, the coastal waters of China south to twenty degrees north and the navigable portion of the Yangtze River; the landing and establishing of United States Army troops in Korea, and United States Marines in North China; the evacuation of ex-prisoners of war and internees; the support of operations of United States forces in the China Theater; the clearance of mine fields and opening of ports in the Seventh Fleet area; and the routing and protection of friendly shipping. The planning "for and execution of these tasks in the initial stages were necessarily accomplished in great haste and with certain improvisation. However, the new organization has been perfected rapidly with attendant uniformly satisfactory progress.

FAST CARRIER FORCE PRE-INVASION OPERATIONS AGAINST JAPAN

    After nearly three weeks of replenishment in Leyte Gulf, subsequent to their support of the Okinawa operation, the fast carrier forces of Admiral “Halsey’s Third Fleet, comprising the greatest mass of sea power ever assembled, proceeded northward on 1 July toward Japan. This huge armada was to complete the destruction of the Japanese fleet, conduct a pre-invasion campaign of destruction against every industry and resource contributing to Japan’s ability to wage war, and maintain maximum pressure on the Japanese in order to lower their will to fight.

    On 10 July the force arrived in the launching area, 170 miles southeast of Tokyo. On that day strikes were made against airfields and industrial plants in the Tokyo area; 72 planes were destroyed on the ground and extensive damage inflicted on other targets. No attempt was made to conceal the location of the fleet but, in spite of this, little enemy air opposition was encountered.

    Admiral Halsey then moved north to attack northern Honshu and southern Hokkaido on 14-15 July. Aerial strikes dealt a severe blow to critical water transportation facilities between Hokkaido and Honshu, when 5 railroad ferries were sunk and 4 others damaged. Again, little air opposition was encountered by our planes. Simultaneously with these air strikes heavy units of the force shelled Kamaishi' and Muroran, causing damage to the steel mills and oil installations in those cities.

    On 17 July the Third Fleet moved south and was joined by units of the British Pacific Fleet under the command of Vice Admiral Rawlings. Admiral Halsey was in over-all command and, on that day, ordered the first combined American-British bombardment of the Japanese homeland. Battleships fired 2000 tons of shells into the coastal area northeast of Tokyo and encountered no enemy opposition during the operation,

    On the following day American and British carrier-based planes struck at enemy fleet units concealed at the Yokosuka naval base in Tokyo Bay. The Nagato, one of two remaining Japanese battleships, was badly damaged. Numerous shore installations and transportation facilities were also hit.

    On 24 and 25 July the combined British and American naval forces launched extensive air strikes against targets in the Inland Sea area. The planes concentrated on the major fleet units still afloat at the Kure naval base. Six major ships were badly damaged and, in all, 22 naval units totaling 258,000 tons were either sunk or put out of action, sounding the death knell of Japanese sea power. Intensive antiaircraft fire was met, and for the first time the enemy mounted aggressive, air-borne opposition. A total of 113 enemy aircraft were destroyed during the two-day attack, while only 12 British and American planes were lost.

    A follow-up attack was made on Kure and the Inland Sea area by the carrier-based planes on 28 July. Reconnaissance indicated that the enemy fleet units had been effectively reduced by the previous strikes, but additional bombs were dropped for good measure. Extensive damage was also done to merchant shipping and to vital shore installations, particularly railroad facilities. Strong air opposition was encountered once more, but our aircraft knocked down 21 Japanese planes air-borne and destroyed 123 on the ground for a total of 144 for the day, while our forces lost 36.

    On 30 July the Tokyo area was harassed for the third time in three weeks by aircraft from the fast carriers, our airmen destroying 121 enemy planes during the day, and inflicting severe damage on lighter enemy fleet units found in the region. Meanwhile, the fast battleships were shelling the port of Hamamatsu on the east coast of central Honshu, spreading havoc in that area.

    For the first eight days of August the harassed Japanese homeland was given a temporary respite while Admiral Halsey’s fleet was riding out a heavy typhoon. On 9 and 10 August, however, the offensive was renewed with another air attack on northern Honshu, It was known that the enemy had withdrawn a large part of his air force to’ fields in this area, and the strikes were designed to destroy as many of them as possible. The plan was partially successful, for during the two days 397 enemy planes were destroyed and 320 others damaged. Almost


Map of the sea of Japan

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no air-borne opposition was encountered and all but 10 of the destroyed planes were caught on the ground. The British and Americans lost only 34 planes. While these air strikes were in progress, battleships from the Third Fleet bombarded the coastal city of Kamaishi for a second time, inflicting further heavy damage on the steel mills in the area.

    Admiral Halsey’s final blow was delivered against Tokyo on 13 August. Airfields and other military installations were the primary targets, with 46 planes being destroyed on the ground. The Japanese tried to get through to the surface ships, but 21 planes were shot down in the futile attempt. The strong protective screen around the fleet was too much for the fading enemy air strength.

     On 15 August the order of Fleet Admiral Nimitz to “cease fire” was received too late to stop the first of the day’s air strikes planned for Tokyo. It knocked 30 enemy planes out of the air and destroyed 10 more on the ground. The second strike had also been launched, but was recalled in time; its pilots were ordered to jettison their bomb s and return to their carriers.

    Since 10 July the forces under Admiral Halsey’s command had destroyed or damaged 2804 enemy planes, sunk or damaged 148 Japanese combat ships, sunk or damaged 1598 enemy merchant ships destroyed 195 locomotives, and damaged 109 more. In addition, heavy blows had been struck at industrial targets and war industries, effectively supplementing the bombing by B-29’s. This impressive record speaks for itself and helps to explain the sudden collapse of Japan’s will to resist. Naval air power and Army bombers, had beaten enemy land-based air power besides inflicting critical losses on naval ships and seriously damaging many shore targets.

CONTRIBUTORY OPERATIONS

     Although somewhat obscured by the more spectacular amphibious assults and carrier force operations which marked our major advances toward the Japanese homeland, there were many other vital and necessary activities which by their nature had more the form ‘of a continuous pressure than  of major individual operations against the enemy. Outstanding parts were played by the submarines (whose achievements are summarized in a later chapter), by the land-based air forces, and, to a lesser extent, by the Northern Pacific forces.

Northern Pacific Forces

    Although usually hampered by foul weather, which ran the gamut of fogs, rain, gales, snow, and floating ice fields, naval and air forces of the Northern Pacific continued to exert pressure against the Japanese-held northern Kurile Islands, posing a constant threat o the enemy’s northern flank.

    Army and Navy aircraft flew such searches as weather permitted, bombed and rocketed Japanese shipping and bases in the Kuriles several times each month, and maintained photographic coverage to detect any Increase in enemy installations. Light naval task forces, usually consisting of 3 of the older cruisers and iron) 5 to 7 destroyers, bombarded coastal positions in the Kuriles once in March, once in May, twice in June, and once in July, and even penetrated the Okhotsk Sea in search of enemy shipping. On 11-12 August cruisers and destroyers commanded by Rear Admiral J, H Brown Jr, combining a highspeed antishipping sweep on both sides of the central and northern Kuriles with bombardments of enemy shore installations, intercepted two enemy envoys and destroyed 10 trawlers and a subchaser

Land-Based Air Forces

    With the exception of the B-ZO’s of the Twentieth Air Force, the principal missions of land-based air forces of the Pacific Ocean Areas were support of the Iwo Jima and Okinawa operations, attacks on Japanese shipping, and continued neutralization of by-passed enemy bases. During the period of this report, the greatest expansion of land-based air forces took place in the Army’s Twentieth Air Force, Airfields in the Marianas were constantly increased to accommodate greater numbers of B-29’s. When Iwo Jima became available for emergency landings, greater bomb loads were carried safely, and fighter support became possible. From that time until the end of hostilities, strategic bombing against vital Japanese industries and cities was constantly stepped up, coordinating with bombing by fleet planes, and many thousands of mines were dropped in Japan’s harbors and sea lanes. Destruction resulting from these raids, and the final blows dealt with two powerful atomic bombs, undoubtedly were a major factor in forcing Japanese capitulation.

    Of less spectacular nature, yet also important in their effect on the war, were the operations of other land-based air forces against enemy shipping and by-passed islands in the Pacific. With the capture and development of airfields on Okinawa, Army and Marine Corps bombers and fighters of the Tactical Air Force and Fleet Air Wings One and Eighteen were brought within easy range of the China coast, Korea, Shikoku, Kyushu, and even Honshu, and were enabled to bring Japanese shipping in these waters to a virtual standstill. Okinawa, as did Iwo Jima, returned rich dividends for the investment involved in its capture by hastening the war’s end.

    Support of the Iwo Jima and Okinawa campaigns, routine searches, and constant neutralizing attacks against the many islands of the Pacific still in the hands of enemy garrisons, were tasks which absorbed much of the time and effort of Army, Navy, and Marine land-based aviators throughout the Pacific, and were well coordinated with the air operations of the fast carrier task forces in the advance toward Japan.

    The last night of the war saw the first and only offensive mission carried out from Okinawa against Japan by the B-29's of the recently deployed Eighth Air Force, with their target the industrial city of Kumagaya in northern Honshu.

Antisubmarine Warfare in the Pacific

    By 1 March Japanese submarines had been nails: driven out of the central Pacific by our countermeasures. Only an occasional supply or reconnaissance submarine ventured into this area. Near the beginning of March Japanese submarines were encountered near Iwo Jima, and during the Okinawa campaign the Japanese made their mam submarine effort around that island. After the fall of Okinawa, most of the Japanese submarines were drawn back to the homeland to aid in the defense against-our expected invasion. In addition to these anti invasion employments, the enemy was building and using a' number of cargo submarines in an attempt to supply by-passed positions. A considerable number of their submarines were also employed for antisubmarine work. Our submarines made many reports of sighting hostile periscopes and torpedo wakes. A number of German U-boats continued to operated out of Penang, even after the surrender of Germany.

    In the main the Japanese submarines were ineffective, and our antisubmarine measures, bolstered by the advanced techniques used in the Atlantic, took heavy toll. In return we suffered very light losses, with the exception of the sinking—with heavy loss of life—of the heavy cruiser INDIANAPOLIS, probably by an enemy submarine, on 30 July. In March and April antisubmarine measures executed by screening vessels, by planes from land bases and carriers, and by regular hunter-killer groups, effectively checked the Japanese submarines and accounted for several kills. It is interesting to note that several of these kills were made by our own submarines. Through May, June, July, and August the Japanese put an increased underwater fleet around Okinawa and managed to cause some damage, including the sinking of a destroyer escort in July. For these operations the Japanese were building and operating large numbers of midget submarines and human torpedoes. It is believed that the destroyer escort mentioned above was sunk by ramming a human torpedo. The Japanese submarine" effort was rapidly descending to the suicide level; but by the end of the war it was well under control, as the Japanese shipyards were taking heavy damage from the air and more escorts were being released from the Atlantic after the surrender of Germany.

THE SURRENDER AND OCCUPATION OF JAPAN

    With the reduction of Okinawa in June 1945, the campaign against the Japanese Empire was concentrated on the home islands, with intensified bombing by the Army Strategic Air Force from the Marianas a rapid acceleration of attacks by the Okinawa-base Tactical Air Force, and far-ranging air attacks and bombardments by the Third Fleet. These operations were climaxed by the employment of the atomic bomb against Hiroshima and Nagasaki and, almost simultaneously, Russia’s entry into the war to open a strong three-pronged attack on Japanese forces IN Manchuria and Korea.

    On 14 August Japan declared her acceptance of the terms of the Potsdam Proclamation. Which involved complete disarmament and surrender of all military forces and equipment as set forth by the heads of the states of Great Britain, the United States, and China. The instrument of surrender was presented to Japanese representatives by General of the Army MacArthur at Manila on 19 August 1945.

    This instrument provided that Commander in Chief. Army Forces. Pacific should receive the surrender of the Imperial General Headquarters, its senior commanders, and all ground, sea, air, and auxiliary forces in the main islands of Japan, minor islands adjacent thereto Korea south of 38° North latitude, and the Philippines: whereas the Commander in Chief of U. S. Pacific Fleet was designated to receive the surrender of the senior Japanese commanders and of all ground, sea, air, and auxiliary forces in the Japanese mandated islands, Ryukyus, Bonins, and other Pacific islands.

    For this purpose the Third and Fifth Fleets, which had heretofore been alternative organizational titles for much the same assemblage of ships. were now each assigned approximately equal forces and became separate entities. Correlating the fleet assignments with the various zones of responsibility assigned the various Army commands. Commander in Chief, U. S. Pacific Fleet assigned naval responsibility to the Third Fleet for the zone of the Eighth Army to the northward and eastward of a line crossing Honshu west of Yokohama and Tokyo; to the Fifth Fleet for the zone of the Sixth Army (the remainder of the Japanese home islands to the southward and westward of that line): to the Seventh Fleet for that of the XXIV Corps (Korea south of 38° North latitude). as well as any operations which might be carried out in Chinese waters: and to the Commander, North Pacific. local responsibility for northern Honshu and for Hokkaido.

    Similarly, the three amphibious forces were coordinated with the respective fleets and armies: the Third Amphibious Force under the Commander Third Fleet for operations of the Eighth Army; the Fifth under the Commander Fifth Fleet for operations of the Sixth Army: and the Seventh under the Commander Seventh Fleet for operations of the XXIV Corps and of any troops which might require transportation to China. B-day (the date designated by Commander in Chief. Army Forces, Pacific for the initiation of operations) was proclaimed as 15 August 1945. At that time orders were issued to the U. S. Pacific Fleet and to other forces under the command of Fleet Admiral Nimitz to cease offensive operations against the Japanese.

    On 28 August a small force of our Army Air Force technicians landed at Atsugi Airfield, 14 miles southwest of Tokyo, to prepare the way for a subsequent large-scale air-borne landing and for the landing at the Yokosuka naval base of Marine and Navy units. Originally it had been planned that this preliminary air-borne force should land at Atsugi on the 26th- and that General of the Army MacArthur should land there personally on the 28th to discuss occupation arrangements members of the Imperial General Staff; simultaneously, Marine and Navy

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units should land at the Yokosuka naval base below Tokyo, as well as at points in Sagami Bay. The beginning of the occupation, however, was delayed 48 hours by a typhoon, which also caused postponement from 31 August until 2 September of signing of the formal instrument of surrender, a copy of which Japanese emissaries had brought back from Manila. Nevertheless, on the morning of 27 August an advanced unit of the Third Fleet, guided by a group of Japanese naval officers, harbor pilots, and interpreters, and provided with maps and charts, moved into Sagami Bay, which is just southwest of Tokyo Bay.

    On 29 August Fleet Admiral Nimitz arrived from Guam to break his flag in the battleship South Dakota. Aboard the Missouri, Admiral Halsey, Commander Third Fleet, entered Tokyo Bay and anchored off Yokosuka naval base. The following day General of the Army MacArthur arrived at Atsugi Airfield to set up General Headquarters at Yokohama. With him came an aerial armada of troop-carrying planes. At the same time about 10,000 Marines and naval personnel landed and took possession of the Yokosuka base and 'neighboring fortress islands. Working toward a junction, the two forces deployed. The last day of August many American prisoners of war were freed and the area of occupation was expanded; new forces came ashore from transports, some groups reaching the outskirts of Tokyo.

    The Japanese naval base of Tateyama, across the bay from Yokosuka, was occupied by Marines on 1 September, as American control spread smoothly and swiftly throughout the 'whole area south of the capital.

    The formal surrender of the Japanese Imperial Government, the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters, and all Japanese and Japanese-controlled armed forces wherever located, was signed on board the battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay at 0908 on 2 September 1945. General of the Army MacArthur signed as Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, and Fleet Admiral Nimitz signed as” representative for the United States.

Even before the formal surrender of the Japanese government, the Japanese commander of Mille Atoll in the Marshall Islands had surrendered on 22 August aboard the destroyer escort Levy, Mille being


SAGAMI BAY, 28 August 1945, Mount Fujiyama in the background

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the first of the many Japanese island possessions to capitulate as a result of the Emperor’s acceptance of the Potsdam Proclamation. Nine days later, on 31 August, on board the destroyer BAGLEY, Rear Admiral F. E. M. Whiting received the surrender of Marcus Island.

    The largest-scale island surrender, however, came shortly after the senior Japanese Army and Navy officers at Truk Atoll had received word of the capitulation of the Imperial government. By the act of signing the terms of the surrender, the Commander of the 1st Imperial Japanese Army committed the following islands under his control to laying down their arms and awaiting United States occupation: Truk, Wake,’ the Palaus, Mortlock, Mille, Ponape, Kusaie, Jaluit, Maleolap, Wotje, Enderby, Mereyon, Rota and Pagan. The affixing of the signature of the Commander of the Imperial Japanese Fourth Fleet further entailed the surrender of the Japanese Navy- controlled bases of Namorik, Nauru, and Ocean. In the case of both Army and Navy surrenders, the actual capitulation by individual islands was effectuated over a period of several days following; however, their submission became only a matter of time after the Truk ceremony.

    It was estimated that a total of 130,000 Japanese military personnel were involved in the Truk surrender—on Truk itself a total of 49,000 military and 9,000 civilians; on Babelthuap in the Palaus, 27,000 military and 12,000 civilians; on Ponape 8,900; and additional large groups on Rota and Yap, with the remainder spread thinly throughout the Caroline and Marianas Islands. On 3 September the surrender of the Bonin Islands was received, and four days later the capitulation of 105,000 Japanese Army and Navy forces in some 60 islands of the Ryukyu group was signed at General Stillwell’s Tenth Army Headquarters on Okinawa.

    Five days after the formal Japanese surrender, General of the Army MacArthur entered Tokyo, and his troops raised the United States flag over the American Embassy. It was the same flag which had flown over Washington, D. C., on 7 December 1941; which had been hoisted over Rome and Berlin; and which had been flown on the battleship Missouri while the Japanese signed their surrender there. 

    Our access to the Japanese homeland gave opportunity at last for securing reliable information as to conditions there, both by our own observation and by conversation with Japanese officials who no longer had the incentive or the ability to decieve either their enemies or their own people. It was at once apparent that while the damage to their Cities and production centers by strategic bombing was fully as great as photographic reconnaissance had indicated the strangulation from our less previously relentlessly effective surface and submarine blockade and from our carrier-based air attacks had been a decisive factor in the enemyʼs collapse. Their merchant marine had been reduced to a fraction of its former size; of the few remaining ships, mostly small ones, only half were still operable. Their food situation was critical, and their remaining resources in fuel and all strategic materials were not less, so It had been known that their few “remaining carriers and heavy naval vessels had been damaged, but it appeared that the fury of our carrier strikes had forced them to withdraw all but a handful of men from these ships, practically abandoning them.

    Never before in the history of war had there been a more convincing example of the effectiveness of sea power than when a well-armed, highly efficient and undefeated army of over a million men surrendered their homeland unconditionally to the invader, without even token resistance.

    True, the devastation already wrought by past bombings, as well as the terrible demonstration of power by the first atomic bombs, augured nothing less for the Japanese than total extinction; yet without sea power there would have been no possession of Saipan, Iwo Jima and Okinawa from which to launch these bombings. True, the Japanese homeland might have been taken by assault in one final amphibious operation of tremendous magnitude, yet without sea power such an assault could not have been attempted. 

III- LOGISTICS AND BASE - PACIFIC

    Before the conclusion of the war, plans were maturing for the invasion and occupation of the mainJ apanese islands. Two major operations were protected: the first, with the code name of “Olympic” against southern Kyushu; after consolidation there the next—“Coronet”—into the Tokyo plain area which is the industrial heart of Japan. The amphibious. parts of these operations—involving the preparation of landing beaches by mine sweeping, underwater demolition teams, bombardment and bombing ; the transportation of the assault troops ; and initial landings for the establishment of firmly held beachheads were to have been the responsibility of Fleet Admiral Nimitz.

    The large scale bombardments and bombings of the Third Fleet that began on 10 July were actually in preparation for operation “Olympic”. In mid August,as the war ended, the United States Nay had in the Pacific 90 percent of its combatant vessels of submarine size or larger and 42 percent of its combatant aircraft. These ships, aircraft, support auxiliaries and landing craft included: 


OKINAWA; Aviation mechanics work over U.S. Navy Privateer engines at an Okinawa base, while ground fighting is still in progress on the island


Battleships                                             
         23 
Aircraft carrier          26 
Escort carriers          64 
Cruisers          52
Destroyers         323 
Escort vessels         298 
Submarines         181 
Mine craft         160 
Auxiliary vessels       1,060  
Large landing craft       2,783 
Combat airdcraft     14,847 
Transport, training and utility aircraft       1,286 

    All six Marine divisions, or 100 per cent of the Marine Corps combat strength, were also available for Pacific operations. The “Olympic” and “Coronet” operations as planned would have been the largest amphibious operations in history. While the Third Fleet provided strategic cover and support for the amphibious forces making the invasion, the Fifth     Fleet was to have executed the amphibious phases of the invasions of Kyushu and Honshu by transporting their troops and equipment to the attack position on shore. By the application of naval force they would have established the necessary ground troops in positions favorable for further maneuvers to complete the destruction of Japanese ground forces.

    In discharging its responsibilities for the amphibious phase of the Kyushu or “Olympic” operation the United States Navy would have employed 3033 combatant and noncombatant vessels of a size larger than personnel landing boats. Although the application of our sea power in its various forms proved sufficient to bring Japan to terms without the necessity of invading her home islands, the possibility of invasion on the scale contemplated indicates the amazing progress in matters of supply and support that has been made in less than four years of war.

    In this evolution advance bases have played a vital role. The 1940 Navy had no properly equipped advance bases other than Pearl Harbor. More than 400 have since been established in the Atlantic and Pacific areas in order to maintain the fleet and air forces in the forward areas where there was fighting, to be done. As we progressed across the Pacific, islands captured in one amphibious operation were converted into bases which became spring boards for the next advance. These bases were set up for various purposes depending upon the next Operation. At first they were mainly air bases for the support of bombers and for the use of protective fighters. This gradually changed to the establishment of staging base-s for the anchoring, fueling and refitting of armadas of transports and cargo ships, and for replenishing mobile support squadrons which actually accompanied the combat forces and serviced them at sea. Further advances made necessary the development of repair and refitting bases for large amphibious forces. As we progressed further and further across the Pacific, it became necessary to set up main repair bases for the maintenance, repair and servicing of larger fleet units. The first of such large bases was set up at Espiritu Santo in the New Hebrides and was followed by a main repair base at Manus in the Admiralty Islands. It was then determined that so long as ships were in condition to function in the battle line, minor battle damage and derangements should be rectified in the forward area, thus eliminating the necessity of returning ships to continental bases or even to the Hawaiian Islands.

    These conditions were recognized and steps were taken to support the entire fleet in the Marianas, Philippines and Okinawa areas. A very large base, capable of supporting one third of the Pacific Fleet, was set up at Guam; another large base was established at Leyte-Samar; a third was in process of construction at Okinawa when the war ended. Each of these bases was designed to dock ships, of various sizes, some being able to take ships of the heaviest tonnage. All of the bases could repair major battle

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damage to hull and equipment. Facilities were established ashore with piers, roads and machine shops, in large measure duplicating the type of facilities found at any of our navy yards. There was also provided the replenishment storage necessary to restock every type of vessel with fuel, ammunition and consumable supplies as well as food. The stocks currently on hand at Guam would have filled a train 120 miles long. The magnitude of the fuel supply alone is indicated by the “total of 25,026,000 barrels of bulk fuel which was shipped to the Pacific in June 1945 for military purposes. At Guam alone one million gallons of aviation gas were used daily. As these bases were gradually pushed forward, assault forces were brought two to five days’ steaming nearer the enemy. By proper selection of the strategic points necessary to accomplish the advance we were able to bi-pass and ignore many bases established by the Japanese which they could no longer use because of their loss of command of the sea.

    But for this chain of advance bases the fleet could not have operated in the western reaches of the Pacific without the necessity for many more ships and planes than it actually had. A base to supply or repair a fleet 5000 miles closer to the enemy multiplies the power which can he maintained constantly against him and greatly lessens the problems of supply and repair. The scope of the advance base program is indicated by the fact that the personnel assigned directly to it aggregated almost one fifth of the entire personnel of the Navy—over half a million men including almost 200.000 Scabees. In the concluding months of the war 82 per cent of the Seabees were in the Pacific, the vast majority of them at work on bases. In the Naval Supply Depot at Guam there were 93 miles of road. At Okinawa alone there were more than fifty naval construction" battalions building roads, supply areas, airfields and fleet facilities for What would have been one of the gigantic staging areas for the final invasion of Japan.

    In the period covered by this report almost two million measurement tons of materiel were shipped in connection with the advance base program, '

    An essential element in the facilities of our advance bases were floating drydocks, which were capable of receiving vessels ranging from small craft to the battleship Missouri. One hundred fifty two of these docks Were produced. They proved


FLOATING DRYDOCK AT A PACIFIC BASE; Capable of receiving vessels ranging from small crat to battleships

their special value in the speed with which damaged ships could be returned to combat.

    As our advance came nearer to the Japanese islands, the rear areas which had been the scene of combat operations in earlier months were utilized for logistic support. In the South Pacific, for example, more than 400 ships were staged for the Okinawa operation. They received varied replenishment services, including routine and emergency overhaul as required. Approximately 100,000 officers and men were staged from this area alone for the Okinawa campaign, including four Army and Marine combat divisions plus certain headquarters and corps troops and various Army and Navy service units. Concurrently with the movement of troops large quantities of combat equipment and necessary materiel were

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transferred forward, thus contributing automatically to the roll-up of the South Pacific area. Similarly in the Southwest Pacific area Army service troops were moved with their equipment from the New Guinea area to the Philippines in order to prepare staging facilities for troops deployed from the European Theater. The roll-up was similarly continued and progress made in reducing our installations in Australia and New Guinea.

    This vast deployment of our forces throughout the Pacific required careful planning not only at the front but also in the United States. During the last six months of the war the problem of materiel distribution became of primary importance, and throughout this period our system of logistic support had to be constantly modified to meet the rapidly changing tactical conditions. War production had shifted the emphasis from procurement to distribution; that is, while production was still of high importance, a still greater problem was that of getting well balanced materiel support to designated positions at certain fixed times. Put another way, motion, not size, had become the important factor. It was, nevertheless, essential in insuring the uninterrupted flow of materiel through the pipe-line of supply to our forces overseas that the reservoir within the United States which kept these pipe-lines full did not become too large. On 1 June 1945 a set of standards for Navy inventory control was promulgated which stressed a balance between procurement and inventory. The attainment of these standards was of primary importance to efficient distribution of materiel within the United States, and particularly on the west coast, which was our major base for the logistic support of the Pacific Fleet.

    It has always been a cardinal principle of our Pacific logistic support policy that the west coast be utilized to its maximum capacity. There are two reasons for this: the source of supply must be as close to the point of requirement as possible so that inventories at advance bases may be kept to a minimum; secondly, greater utilization of shipping can be achieved by the shortest haul possible. The integration of these two elements, supply and shipping, was a major task in 1945. When the collapse of Germany was imminent, a review in conjunction with the Army of our policy of maximum west coast utilization was necessary. It was concluded that approximately 68 per cent of the Navy’s predicted logistic requirements would have to be moved from the west coast to bases in the Marianas, Philippines. and Okinawa, as well as to the mobile logistic support forces—Service Squadrons Six and Ten. Bases in the Admiralties, New Guinea, and the Hawaiian Sea Frontier, since they were in nonoperational areas, could be supported from the east and Gulf coasts. In May, after a joint Army-Navy study, a ceiling was set on the amount of material which could be shipped to the Pacific from the west coast by the Army and Navy; this ceiling was based on the estimated capacity of the six major west coast ports. By detailed study of the capacities of port facilities and supply activities, "as well as a complete analysis of the types of commodities shipped by the Navy since the first of the year, Commander, Western Sea Frontier (who coordinated' naval logistic matters on the west coast) reallocated the Navy’s. share of west coast capacity among the various ports. Estimated tonnages were set for each port, both by types of commodity and by overseas destination to be served.

    In the establishment and execution of this planned employment of west coast facilities, Commander, Western Sea Frontier provided one of the major links between the distribution systems of the continental United States and Pacific Theater. Since the flow of materiel and the ships to carry it are immobilized


BATTLESHIP BEING REFUELED AT SEA


CARRIER RECEIVING AMMUNITION AT SEA

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when more ships have sailed to a destination than that destination can receive, the planned employment of west coast ports was a matter of Vital concern.

    This was facilitated by the expansion of the functions of the Western Sea Frontier which had taken place in November 1944 when the necessity for coastal defense had assumed relatively minor proportions. The expansion of function included placing every major activity of the-three west coast naval districts under a single command, with a view to coordinating all essential matters of materiel and personnel and to eliminating activities within the Western Sea Frontier which did not contribute to the major effort.

    While defensive operations became secondary, the responsibility of the Western Sea Frontier to regulate the movement of ships and aircraft through frontier waters was greatly increased. The eastern Pacific had become a network of channels for the passage of traffic to the forward areas. These channels were the most heavily traveled military highways on and above the sea. In the period covered by this report there were over 17,000 sailings of vessels large and small through the six million square miles of Western Sea Frontier waters. In the same period an over-water flight lane in the world.

    The substantial increase in the level of Navy materiel movement which occurred between March and July 1945 fully justified the planning for an increased west coast load which had been undertaken. Total exports, excluding aircraft, from May through July showed a 25 per cent increase over March and April shipments. Items used in the construction of new bases doubled during May and July as compared with March and April. Ammunition shipments doubled, because of the considerable expenditures during the Okinawa campaign (where 50,000 tons of 5-inch to 16-inch projectiles were fired by surface ships) and the necessity for building up a reserve for the assault upon Japan.

    By the vast system thus developed the great concluding operations in the Pacific were supported. Each month in the immediate past we shipped Out 600,000 long tons a month into the Pacific Ocean areas. The momentum generated by this materiel operation can be imagined. The problem presented by the deceleration of this great tide of supply after V-J day can also be imagined. The following Steps taken in the days immediately after the surrender of Japan indicate the effort the Navy has made to reduce its logistic energy as rapidly as possible without damage either to the domestic economy or to the support of fleet elements still at sea. All shipments of ammunition and of advance base components were stopped except those required for occupational purposes and those specifically requested by the fleet commanders as necessary for further operations, maintenance materiel movements overseas were subjected to careful review and reduction. Stock levels at overseas bases of provisions, clothing, equipment, medical needs, aviation requirements and spare parts items were reduced to a thirty-day minimum and a sixty-day maximum. Orders prepared. in advance cancelling procurement of materials were mailed 'in tremendous volume from the Navy Department on the night of 14 August. All continental public works construction projects, including those actually under construction and those on which it was possible to begin construction, were carefully reviewed—projects which were not required for demobilization purposes or postwar purposes were cancelled.

IV—Submarine Operations

    Submarine warfare was an important factor in the defeat of the Japanese. With the end of hostilities, it is now possible to reveal in greater detail the splendid accomplishments of the submarines of the Pacific Fleet and the Seventh Fleet. Our submarines are credited with almost two thirds of the total tonnage of Japanese merchant marine losses, or a greater part than all other forces, surface and air, Army and Navy combined. Of the total number of Japanese almost one third.

ATTACKS ON MERCHANT SHIPPING

    Our submarines, operating thousands of miles from their bases and deep within enemy-controlled waters, began their campaign of attrition on Japanese shipping immediately following the attack on Pearl Harbor, and continued to fight with telling effectiveness until the Japanese capitulated. During the early part of 1942, while our surface forces were still weakened by the Japanese initial attack of 7 December 1941, submarines were virtually the only United States naval forces that could be risked in offensive operations. Although the number of submarines available at the start was so small that the 1500 ton fleet-type class was augmented by older types, submarine attacks produced immediate and damaging results, which were greatly needed at the time. They made it more difficult for the enemy to consolidate his forward position, to reinforce his threatened areas, and to pile up in Japan an adequate reserve of fuel, oil, rubber, and other loot from his newly conquered territory. Their operations thus hastened our ultimate victory and resulted in the saving of American lives.

    Sinking of enemy merchant ships rose from 134 ships totaling 580,390 tons in 1942 to 284 ships


Japanese Merchant Shipping of 1000 or more gross tons sunk 1941-1945 inclusive

totaling 1,341,68 tons in 1943. Then in 1944, when submarine coordinated attack groups reached the peak of their effectiveness’. the merchant fleet of Japan suffered its worst and most crippling blow—-492 ships of 2,387,780 tons were sunk or destroyed in submarine torpedo and gun attacks, the figures given above, which are based on evaluated estimates, include only ships of 1000 tons and larger. It should be borne in mind that our submarines sank or destroyed, chiefly by gunfire, large numbers of smaller vessels, particularly during the latter part of the war, when few large enemy still remained afloat.

In 1945, because of the tremendous attrition on Japanese shipping by our earlier submarine operations and the destructive sweeps by our fleets and carrier air forces, enemy merchantmen sunk by submarines dropped to 132 ships totaling 469,872 tons. The advance of our bases had further driven Japanese ships back to the coast lines and shallow waters of

Japan and the Asiatic mainland. Our submarines followed the enemy shipping into these dangerous waters and made many skillful and daring attacks, such as the one in April when TIRANTE entered a patrolled anchorage in Quelpart Island to blow up a 10,000 ton tanker and two 1,500 ton escort vessels, which were peacefully lying at anchor. Further south, persistent submarine patrolling plus air sweeps had, by the end of March, stopped almost all enemy traffic along the sea lanes of the East Indies and the coast of Indo-China.

For a time, Japanese shipping continued to ply in the East China and Yellow Seas, but the invasion of Okinawa in April soon made the East China Sea untenable to the Japanese. Causing heavy damage, our submarines were very active during April and May in the Yellow Sea and along the east and south coasts of the main Japanese islands. In June the landlocked sea of Japan was penetrated in force: The submarines had excellent hunting, and in a series of coordinated attacks did tremendous damage to the remnants of the Japanese merchant fleet. One of the intruders, BARB, even landed a party on the coast of Honshu, and successfully blew up a bridge and the speeding train that was crossing it. By the end of the war, the Japanese merchant fleet was virtually nonexistent.

ATTACKS ON NAVAL VESSELS

While United States submarines were effectively eliminating the Japanese merchant fleet, they were also carrying out damaging attacks on Japanese naval units. During the course of the war, the following principal Japanese combatant types were sent to the bottom as a result of these attacks:

1 battleship

4 carriers

4 escort carriers

3 heavy cruisers

9 light cruisers

43 destroyers

23 submarines

189 minor combatant vessels and naval "auxiliaries, including 60 escort vessels.

Details of these sinkings will be found in Appendix A. While the loss of the heavier naval units was

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critical to the Japanese, especially as the strength of our surface fleet increased, the surprisingly high losses of enemy destroyers and escort vessels to submarine attack are particularly noteworthy. Our submarines, refusing to accept the role of the hunted, even after their presence was known, frequently attacked their archenemies under circumstances of such great risk that the failure of their attack on the enemy antisubmarine vessel placed the submarine in extreme danger of loss. So successful, however, were these attacks that the Japanese developed a dangerous deficiency of destroyer screening units in their naval task forces, and their merchant shipping was often inadequately escorted.

SPECIAL MISSIONS

    Among the special missions performed by submarines were reconnaissance, rescue, supply and lifeguard duties. An outstanding result of effective submarine reconnaissance was the vital advance information furnished our surface and air forces prior to the Battle for Leyte Gulf, information which contributed materially to that victory. Our submarines in a number of instances rescued stranded personnel and performed personnel evacuation duties, notably from Corregidor. The supplies and equipment delivered by submarines to friendly guerrilla forces in the Philippines did much to keep alive the spirit of resistance in those islands. .

    When our air forces came into positions from which they could intensify their attacks on Japanese held territory, United States submarines were called upon to carry out lifeguard operations to rescue aviators forced down at sea in enemy waters. Sometimes assisted by friendly aircraft, which provided fighter cover and assisted in locating survivors, and sometimes operating alone, our submarines rescued more than 500 aviators during the course of the war, fifty-two United States submarines were lost from all causes during the war, forty-six due to enemy action, six due to accidents and stranding. These losses were due to continued penetration deep within the enemy zone of defense, far from our bases, and, until the last phase of the war, far beyond the areas Where our surface ships and aircraft could operate. Because of the nature of submarine operations and the general necessity of submarines operating alone, the personnel loss in most instances was the entire ship’s company. As heaviest were the losses in submarine personnel and equipment, submarine training and building programs supplied replacements so effectively that our submarine force at the end of the war far exceeded its pre-Pearl Harbor strength—and was the most powerful and effective in the world. The Japanese capitulation found our submarines on station searching for the remnants of the Japanese Navy and merchant marine, and on the alert to rescue downed aviators off the coast of Japan.

    Submarines of the Pacific Fleet have been commanded by Vice Admiral C. A. Lockwood, Jr., Since February 1943. Rear Admiral James Fife, Jr., has commanded the Seventh Fleet submarines, including a number of British and Dutch submarines. Since December 1944, no account of submarine warfare in the Pacific would be complete without mention of the splendid contribution of the submarines of our Allies. These craft, operating in the southwest Pacific, contributed materially to the destruction of Japanese naval and merchant shipping, and inflicted losses over and above those previously listed. 

V- Atlantic Operations 

    The operations of the United States Navy in the Atlantic and Mediterranean Theaters culminated in the victory of the Allied nations in Europe. The success of-the joint antisubmarine campaign and the tremendous achievements in shipbuilding were essential preludes to the landings in Normandy and southern France and the great land offensive, which in three months carried the Allied Expeditionary Forces to the German frontier and brought total victory on German soil six months later. This victory was possible because ships were available and their protection by the Navy effective.

ANTISUBMARINE OPERATIONS

    In the antisubmarine campaign our Atlantic Fleet had responsibility for Atlantic areas under United States operational command, and the British Admiralty was responsible for North Atlantic and European operations in which United States naval task forces participated. In the British control areas Commander U. S. Naval Forces in Europe assured proper liaison between the Admiralty and the Tenth Fleet organization in my Headquarters, which was responsible for convoy and routing of United States shipping and the development of plans, weapons, and tactics to be employed in antisubmarine operations.

     In the final month of the European war German submarines made a last determined effort, in great strength, to reach the eastern coast of the United States. That attempt was thwarted by a powerful task force of the U. S. Atlantic Fleet, which during an engagement lasting several days, destroyed five U-boats. The United States Navy’s final successful action against German submarines occurred on 6  May, only two days before V-E day, When a U-boat was sunk off Block Island by the destroyer escort Atherton with the frigate Moberly assisting.

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 The development of new techniques, the intensive training of antisubmarine crews, and the persistence with which the U-boats were hunted offensively all played vital parts in the surrender campaign. German submarines began to surface and surrender shortly after V-E day, and U. S. Atlantic Fleet escort vessels brought several of them to United States east coast ports.  A review of antisubmarine and convoy operations since 1939 illustrates clearly these major naval contributions to victory in Europe. The summarized statistics on the Battle of the Atlantic are as follows:

Year           German Subs. Sunk  Allied Shipping Sunk     New Construction U.S. British Total                     Net Gains or Losses             
  (Number)    (In thousands of tons)   
1939(4 mons.)                9       810     101          231               323            --478 
1940     22     4,407     439          780             1,219    --3,188 
1941     35     4,398    1,169        815            1,984         --2,414   
1942     85     8,245    5,339       1,843          7,182    --1,063 
1943    237     3,611   12,384       2,201         14,585   +10,974 
1944    241     1,422   11,639       1,710         13,349   +11,927 
1945(4 mons.)    153        458     3,551         283           3,834      +3,376 
Totals     782    23,351   34,622        7,863         42,485    +19,134 

    From the foregoing statistical summary the chief features of the Battle of the Atlantic are clear:

        (a) Until the closing months of 1942 the German submarines were continuing to reduce the available total of Allied tonnage;

        (b) Antisubmarine operations resulted in the sinking of an average of 12 German submarines per month after 1 January 1943, or a total of 480 in the two years 1943-44;

        (c) American shipyards alone produced an average of a million tons per month of new merchant ships after 1 January 1943, or a total of 24,000,000 tons in two years.

    In the 12 months from 1 June 1944, 135 convoys arrived in United Kingdom ports from overseas with a total of 7157 merchant ships totaling more than 50,000,000 gross tonnage. The escort of this shipping and the provision of trained naval armed guard crews aboard the merchant vessels were among the primary tasks performed by the United States Navy in the prosecution of the war in Europe. The Navy’s antisubmarine campaign with the British-United States integrated convoy system was in great part responsible for the vital shipping necessary for the Allied land offensive which broke into the Fortress of Europe in 1944 and overwhelmed the Germans ashore in 1945.

TENTH FLEET

    On 15 June 1945 the Tenth Fleet was dissolved. This effective organization was established 20 May 1943 under my direct command, with Headquarters in the Navy’ Department, to exercise unity of control over United States antisubmarine operations in that part of the Atlantic Ocean under United States strategic control. The first Chief of Staff of the Tenth Fleet was Rear Admiral Francis S. Low, who was relieved in January _1945 by Rear Admiral A. R. McCann.

    To the Tenth Fleet were assigned the following tasks:

        (a) Destruction of enemy submarines.

        (b) Protection of Allied shipping in the Eastern, Gulf, and Caribbean Sea Frontiers.

        (c) Support of other antisubmarine forces of our own and of the other Allied nations operating in the Atlantic areas.

        (d) Exercise of control of convoys and shipping that were United States responsibilities.

        (e) Correlation of United States antisubmarine training and materiel development.

    To accomplish these tasks the Tenth Fleet was organized into four principal divisions: Operations; Antisubmarine Measures (materiel, training, analysis and statistics, and operational research); Convoy and Routing; and a Scientific Council composed of distinguished civilian scientists. The Tenth was a fleet without a ship. However, this highly specialized command coordinated and directed our naval forces in the Battle of the Atlantic, making available the latest intelligence to the Commander in Chief, U. S. Atlantic Fleet and to other fleet and sea frontier commanders who directed the actual operations at sea, and supplying antisubmarine training and operating procedures to our forces afloat. The Tenth Fleet correlated the antisubmarine developments of the various technical bureaus of the Navy Department and the fleet training schools concerned with antisubmarine activities.

    In addition, it worked closely with the General Staff of the United States Army and with the British Admiralty and Canadian Naval Headquarters to avoid duplication and confusion, and to insure that maximum effort would be directed against the German underseas fleet. The effective work of the Tenth Fleet contributed outstandingly to the success of United States naval operations in the Battle of the Atlantic.

U. S. NAVAL FORCES IN EUROPE

    During the spring and summer of 1945 the United States Naval Forces in Europe were faced with a series of varied responsibilities. Until the surrender. of Germany the Navy was actively engaged in coastal offensive operations and in supporting afloat the United States _Army’s build-up of men and supplies, which included assistance in areas as far inland as “the Rhine; with the capitulation of the enemy came 'the establishment of United States naval commands in Germany to aid in the military occupation and government of that country and in the enforcement of the surrender terms. United States naval components also assumed duties with the Allied Military Missions to Denmark and Norway similar to those already established in France, Belgium and Holland. With the end of the war in Europe, the Navy speeded up the process of closing out the multitude of bases and other facilities which had been established earlier in the war in the United Kingdom, on the Continent, and in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations.

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RHINE RIVER CROSSING

    The crossing of the Rhine River in March 1945 will be remembered as one of the spectacular achievements of the American forces during the closing months of the European war. In this operation the United States Navy had the honor of taking part as a floating segment of General of the Army Eisenhower’s forces. LCVP's and LCM’s, which had been used with great success in the coastal Normandy invasion, were again employed to carry our troops on rivers. The naval crews assigned to the operation began training in England in October 1944 and held their final practice maneuvers on the Continent later in the winter. Considerable ingenuity and improvisation were necessary to overcome technical difficulties, the craft employed having been constructed for salt water use and not as river craft in the fresh water of the swift-flowing Rhine. Five LCVP units of 24 craft each were formed in England and later moved to the Continent and placed under the operational control of United States Army commanders and administrative control of Vice Admiral Alan G. Kirk, Commander, U. S. Naval Forces France; of these, three actually participated in the crossings.

    The first LCVP unit went into action with the United States First Army at the Remagen bridgehead on 11 March 1945, assisting, under heavy gunfire, in the erection of treadway and heavy pontoon bridges, in ferrying troops, and in patrolling the river. At Oppenheim on 23 March another LCVP unit carried portions of General Patton’s Third Army across the Rhine, and the following day made a second crossing under heavy enemy fire at Boppard.

    Another crossing had been planned at St. Goar, but because of enemy resistance the operation was staged instead at Oberwesel, where, on 26 March, other units of the Third Army were ferried across. Still another crossing was made at Mainz. The LCVP units also served with the United States Ninth Army in its crossing of the Rhine south of Wesel, which occurred almost simultaneously with the Third Army’s advance. ‘

U. S. NAVAL FORCES FRANCE

    A second major operation in which the United States Navy played an important part during the last days of Nazi resistance was that directed against the German-held pockets in western France. Vice Admiral Kirk was placed in operational command of the French naval task force which was assembled for the attack. The United States Navy supplied fuel, training facilities, a repair unit, aircraft and 24 LCVP’s. The operation, which was directed against the enemy forces in the Ile d’Oleron and at the mouth of the Gironde River, began with a general naval bombardment at 0750 on 15 April. For five days the naval task force assisted the French ground forces with naval bombardment and aerial reconnaissance in the assault on Royan and the Point de Grave area at the mouth of the Gironde. By 20 April this section was cleared of the enemy and the assault on the Ile d’Oleron began the following day. Twenty-four United States LCVP’s manned by French Crews were used and supported by extensive naval bombardment. The actual landings on Ile d’Oleron took place on 30 April and all enemy resistance ceased there on 2 May. With the general capitulation of the enemy on 8 May, the remaining German pockets at La Rochelle, Lorient, St. Nazaire, etc., were occupied by French forces accompanied by American naval observers.

    While the Rhine crossings and the attacks On the German pockets were going on, the Navy was continuing its less publicized but equally Important task of assisting the Army’s build-up of troops and materiel through its port operations, both along the English Channel and in the southern French ports. Men and munitions poured onto the Continent through Marseilles, Toulon, Cherbourg, Le Havre and Rouen. At the great port of Antwerp alone almost 20,000 tons of supplies were unloaded daily.

    From the United States Navy’s airfield at Dunkeswell in Devon, patrol planes of Fleet. Air Wing Seven maintained a constant search of shipping lanes for enemy submarines. When the surrender of Germany came on 8 May, the German High Command was ordered to instruct its U-boats at sea to. surface, radio their position, jettison their ammunition, fly a black flag and proceed by fixed routes to prescribed ports. The first U-boat to comply with this order surrendered on 9 May to a PB4Y-1 plane of Fleet Air Wing Seven on patrol off Lands End, England.

U. S. NAVAL FORCES GERMANY

    With the disintegration of the enemy armies and the movement of Allied forces deeper into Germany, the organization of the United States naval command for Germany was put into effect. Vice Admiral Robert L. Ghormley, as Commander, U. S. Naval Forces Germany, became responsible for all United States naval forces operating in Germany. As head of the Naval Division of the United States Group of the Allied Control Council, Vice Admiral Ghormley acted as General of the Army Eisenhower’s adviser in all naval matters and conferred with the other Allied naval commanders in Germany on such questions as repairs of shipping and disposition of enemy naval vessels. In June Vice Admiral Ghormley established his headquarters in Frankfurt. On 1 July THE assumed operational control of all naval forces on the Continent assigned to occupation duties or to the support of the Army in the European Theater of Operations. These included, in addition to the forces in Germany, the United States Naval Components of the Military Missions to Norway, Denmark, Holland and Belgium, the United States Naval Group France, and the Naval Division of the Allied Control Commission for Austria.

    Under Admiral Ghormley’s command in Germany was Rear Admiral A. G. Robinson, who, as Commander of U. S. Ports and Bases Germany, was charged with the operation Of the Potts of Bremen and Bremerhaven in the American-controlled Weser River Enclave. Rear Admiral Robinson’s headquarters were established in Bremen on 15 May. This task force began operating at once, supervising the disposition of captured and surrendered naval personnel,

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clearing the port areas for incoming shipping, and seizing prize merchant ships which had been captured there. Of these the liner EUROPA was by far the most important. A modern ship in relatively good condition, she was converted into a troop transport almost immediately; although somewhat hampered by lack of facilities and skilled labor, the Europa was commissioned as U. S. Navy APA-177 and manned by naval Personnel. She sailed from Bremerhaven on 11 September to Southampton to embark her first load of almost 5000 returning American troops.

    Bremen and Bremerhaven, as the two United States naval controlled ports in Germany, had an important role to play in the occupation of the country. They served as important supply and evacuation ports for the United States occupation forces; their shipyards and repair facilities, under United States naval control, were used for the repair of German and Allied ships in the area.

    Another United States naval command whose work was accelerated by the surrender of Germany was the U. S. Naval Technical Mission Europe, under Commodore H. A. Schade. This organization, which is under the operational control of the Chief of Naval Operations, is the agency for the collection of intelligence information from the surrendered nations for the use of the United States Navy. Working closely with the Army G-2 Staff Division and with Allied Intelligence Services, the U. S. Naval Technical Mission Europe has uncovered a vast amount of data concerning German wartime industrial and scientific developments, the status of experiments on secret weapons, etc.

U. S. NAVAL FORCES NORTHWEST AFRICAN WATERS

    In March 1945 the U. S. Eighth Fleet, which had been under the command of Admiral H. Kent Hewitt since March 1943, was dissolved; in April the naval forces and bases in the Mediterranean Theater were placed under the administrative control of Commander, U. S. Naval Forces in Europe. These forces, commanded by Vice Admiral W. A. Glassford as Commander, U. S. Naval Forces Northwest African. Waters, thereby became a task force of the Twelfth Fleet.

    Although the over-all strength was reduced, small naval detachments were maintained in Italy to support the United States Army there, to assist United States merchant shipping, and to continue United States naval representation on the Allied Commission for Italy.

CHANGES IN COMMAND

    In the Azores United States naval forces were engaged chiefly in patrolling routes used for Army aircraft being returned to the United States. Commander, U. S. Naval Forces in Europe assumed administrative control of the Azores forces in July 1945.

    A little over two months after the signing of the German surrender at Rheims, the Supreme Allied Military command under General of the Army Eisenhower was dissolved. On 14 July control of the American, British and French Military and naval forces reverted to their respective national commands. For the American forces General of the Army Eisenhower remained the Supreme Commander with a composite United States Army-Navy-Air European Theater Staff. Commander, U. S. Naval Forces in Europe in London retained administrative control of all remaining United States naval forces in the theater. On 16 August Admiral Hewitt relieved Admiral Harold R. Stark, as Commander, Twelfth Fleet and Commander, U. S. Naval Forces in Europe.

REDEPOLYMENT

    When the fighting in Europe ceased, the United States Army was faced with the gigantic task of redeploying millions of its forces, some of its men were to be sent. home for discharge; others were to be ordered to the Far East. During the summer of 1945, through its various port parties and naval detachments, the Navy cooperated closely with the Army in speeding troop movement. Over 53,000 men were embarked from northern French ports in May, and in June more than 210,000. The July figures approached 350.000. The southern French ports of Marseilles and Toulon were also used for this work. From Le Howe and Antwerp many shipments of war materiel no longer needed in this theater were sent back to the United States.

    Similarly the United States Navy developed its own redeployment program. transferring to the United States or to the Pacific forces and materiel no longer required for naval activities in Europe. Hundreds of amphibious ships and craft which had been used for assault operations and for the support of the Army build-up were no longer needed and were returned to the United States. Nearly all United States naval advanced bases, supply and repair facilities, etc.. in Britain and the Mediterranean were now unnecessary and their closing proceeded at a rapid rate.

    In Great Britain the summer months of 1945 saw the closing of the amphibious bases at Falmouth, Plymouth, Dartmouth, Portland-Weymouth and Southampton. With the end of the submarine menace the planes of Fleet Air Wing Seven, based at Dunkeswell, Devon, were returned to the United States. In France, Italy and in North Africa the operation of most of the liberated ports was rapidly returned to the national authorities. Port detachments were maintained at Le I'Iavre, Marseilles and Naples to aid in the Army's redeployment program. When the command of U. S. Naval Forces France was abolished as a separate task force on 1 July. a naval task group, under Commander, U. S. Naval Forces Germany, was substituted therefor. In the Mediterranean, United States naval activities were likewise reduced. Naval Operating Base Oran was closed out and a naval detachment took its place in July. During the same month the office of Commander, Moroccan Sea Frontier was abolished. The naval facilities at Port Lyautey, Casablanca, Dakar and Agadir were organized as a naval task group. The naval advanced base

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at Bizerte was decommissioned and reductions were effected at Palermo and Naples.

U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET

    During the entire war combat vessels. auxiliaries, and landing craft were built and trained in Iarge numbers on the east coast of the United States for duty in the Pacific. With the capitulation of Germany, the U. S. Atlantic Fleet was able to increase and intensify the redeployment of ships, men, and supplies to the Pacific. By 1 June Atlantic convoys were stopped, and all available escort ships and tankers thus released were made ready for operations against the Japanese. Large numbers of landing craft were returned from Europe and overhauled for Pacific duty. The further necessity of providing refresher training for the crews of these ships and craft devolved upon the Atlantic Fleet Operational Training Command. The Battle of the Atlantic had been chiefly a war against submarines: now all training was concentrated upon meeting the requirements of the Pacific war for accurate antiaircraft firing and shore bombardment. During the period covered by this report the Operational Training Command, Atlantic Fleet, trained some 995 ships for duty in the Pacific, of which 358 were new ships receiving the normal Shakedown and 637 were ships which had been engaged in some phase of the European war.

    Similarly, the Air Force Atlantic Fleet turned with increased intensity to the training of carrier air units and shore-based patrol squadrons for the Pacific Fleet. Typical of the changing nature of the carrier training program was the decommissioning of all composite squadrons, which had produced such effective results against the U-boats, and the commissioning of air groups for the large new carriers of the MIDWAY class. These new air groups are approximately one and one-half times the size of a normal carrier air group.

    The surrender of Japan, occurring when the Atlantic Fleet redeployment program was at its height, necessitated rapid readjustments. Many ships, which were on their way to the Pacific or had just reached the forward areas, were ordered to return to the east coast ports. Instructions were promulgated indicating the status of vessels in the postwar Atlantic Fleet, and an appraisal of berthing areas for the Atlantic Fleet Reserve ships was pressed to completion. Similarly the program for revising absorbing or decommissioning shore-based Atlantlc Fleet activities was accelerated. In the South Atlantic a similar process had long since begun. In March 1945 the Rio-Trinidad convoys were discontinued. Then on 15 April the Fourth Fleet became a task force of the U. S. Atlantic Fleet, with Vice Admiral W. R, Munroe as task force commander and Commander, South Atlantic Force. The roll-up of forces continued, and on 13 August Vice Admiral Munroe hauled down his flag; the remaining naval activities in the South Atlantic were placed under the Commandant, Naval Operating Base Rio de Janeiro.

VI-SHIPS, AIRCRAFT AND PERSONNEL

    Fighting men are not effective, individually or collectively, unless they are imbued with high morale. Morale may be defined as a state of mind wherein there is confidence, courage and zeal among men united together in a common effort—a “conviction of excellence.” One factor largely responsible for the extremely high morale of the men of the naval services has been their confidence in the excellence of the ships and planes provided them.

SHIPBUILDING PROGRAM

    During the period 1 March to 1 October 1945 the following combatant ships were completed: 4 aircraft carriers (one of which was MIDWAY, the first of the three 45,000 ton carriers under construction), 8 escort carriers, 3 light cruisers, 6 heavy cruisers, 53 destroyers, 2 destroyer escorts and 24 submarines. During this same period over 300 auxiliary ships were completed by the Navy and the Maritime Commission, among them six of the most modern air conditioned hospital ships in existence. The landing craft and district craft construction programs were continued, with the delivery of large numbers of each type. Twenty-nine mine-sweeping vessels were delivered. It was necessary to place particular emphasis upon the production of repair ships of all types. The large numbers of these delivered during this period, together with existing ships of the type, performed indispensable services in the forward areas in returning quickly to service many of the ships damaged in the Okinawa operation.

    To meet changing conditions of war during this period, it was necessary to undertake a number of conversions of ships from one type to another. Notable among these was the conversion of certain patrol craft to control vessels for amphibious Operations; frigates and certain patrol craft to weather station ships; a large number of personnel landing ships to gunboats for close inshore support of amphibious operations; a number of destroyer escorts to fast transports; certain destroyers and destroyer escorts to radar picket ships; and a number of destroyers to high—speed mine sweepers.

    During the later phases of the war, as Japanese sea power waned, a review was made of the Navy’s shipbuilding program to bring it in line with estimated operational requirements. On 10 August 1945

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 the Secretary of the Navy approved the termination of contracts for the construction of 56 combatant ships and 39 vessels of other types. Following the surrender of Japan, a complete review was made of the status of the construction and conversion program of auxiliaries, landing craft, district craft and small boats, in consequence of which the total number of cancellations was raised to the following:

Combatant Ships ......... 56

Auxiliaries ............... 94

Landing Ships ........... 2

Patrol Craft .............. 44

District Craft ............ 121

Small Landing Craft...over 8,000

    The effect of these cancellations is shown graphically in Plate 6. Every effort has been made to keep the ships of the fleet fitted with the latest available equipment to meet rapidly changing combat conditions. Improved radar, sets, aircraft and antiaircraft weapons, fire-control systems for guns, and fire-fighting equipment have been installed. The improvement of the offensive and defensive qualities of our ships by such alterations has been going on since the beginning of the war; as the war drew to a close, most ships of the fleet had reached a point at which no additional weights could be added without compensatory weight removals. The problem of applying the latest technological developments to our ships has thus become more difficult; nevertheless such application has been accomplished on an extensive scale by the cooperation of all concerned, both afloat and ashore.

AIRCRAFT

    Comparisons b e t w e e n standard Navy aircraft types at the beginning of the war and the end vividly illustrate the outstanding technical advances accomplished in less than four years of fighting. At the war’s end we had the best airplanes of every kind, both ashore and afloat, but newer and better planes were on the production lines and would soon have taken their place against the enemy. Among these were the Grumman Tigercat, a twin engine, single-seat fighter plane with heavy firepower and bomb-carrying characteristics. Although this plane had arrived in the Pacific, it never got into actual combat: Three other fighter planes, faster and possessing higher tactical performance than standard      e x i s t i n g types, had satisfactorily passed the long period of experiments and flight tests and were in production. These included the Ryan Fireball, the Navy’s first fighter plane to use jet propulsion. The others were Grumman’s Bearcat and Goodyear’s F 2G to which no popular name has. yet been given) both highspeed, highly maneuverable and fast climbing planes. The latter was the first naval fighter to use the new Pratt .and Whitney 3000 horsepower engine.

    The Grumman Wildcat, which was a new fighter at the time of Pearl Harbor, had an approximate speed of 300 miles an hour and mounted four .50 caliber machine guns. The HeIIcats and Corsairs, which were both carrier and shore-based on V-J day, have speeds of more than 400 and 425 miles an hour, respectively, and mount six .50-caliber machine guns, or proportionate numbers of 20-millimeter cannon, in addition to rockets. Bombs weighing up to 2000 pounds could also be carried by these planes when


Navy Shipbuilding Program New Construction Completed during 1942, 1943m 1944 & Nine months 1945


Navy Shipbuilding Program Main Propulsion horsepower installed in completed vesels, January 1942 through September 1945


Shipyard Employees Building & Repairing US Navy Vessels

U.S. Navy planned tonnage August 1945 - July 1947

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they were assigned fighter-bomber missions. These planes played the leading role in our tactical development of fighter-bombing, a World War II innovation. Other technical developments, primarily air-borne radar, helped to bring into existence the Navy’s night-fighting force. The Wildcat, greatly improved by various modifications by General Motors to give it greater speed and climb, continued to be used on the escort carriers.

    Our dive-bomber, the Helldiver, has a speed of more than 250 miles an hour, can carry 2000 pounds of bombs, and is equipped with eight rocket launchers, two 20-millimeter cannon and two .30-caliber machine guns. These characteristics were developed through five modifications. The Douglas Dauntless was the standard dive-bomber when the war began, and delivered heavy blows against the enemy before 1t was retired as a first line plane. Its top speed was 230 miles an hour; it Carried 1000 pounds of bombs, and mounted two .30-caliber and two .50 caliber machine guns.

    Our torpedo bomber at the start of the war was the Douglas Devastator, a plane which had a speed of about 150 miles an hour and was very lightly armed. The Grumman Avenger, and later modifications of this plane by General Motors, gave us a plane with a speed of more than 250 miles an hour, capable of carrying 2000 pounds of bombs or a torpedo, four machine guns and rockets. One modification of the Avenger was a carrier based night bomber to operate with night fighters.

    Development and research in the dive-bomber and torpedo bomber field during the war yielded designs by Consolidated, Douglas and Martin. A few production models had been turned out by Consolidated and Douglas and several experimental models by Martin when V-J day came.

    The standard scout-observation plane based aboard battleships and cruisers became the Curtiss Seahawk, replacing the Chance Vought Kingfisher and Curtiss Seagull. The Seahawk and Kingfisher played no small part in air- sea rescues.

    The Consolidated Catalina, the veteran twin- -engine patrol plane, was in operation at the start of the war and has proved to be one of the most valuable all-purpose planes. Planes of the sixth modification— or sixth major change—giving it greater range and speed are now with the fleet. The Martin Mariner, a larger, heavier plane, has taken over many of the patrol duties formerly handled by the Captains. Both of these planes also have performed out-standing service in air-sea rescue work;

    For our four-engine, land-based search plane, we have replaced the Consolidated Liberator with the Consolidated Privateer, a plane with a range of well over 3000 miles, heavy armament and a wealth of new navigational, radio and radar equipment, enabling it to fly long hours of reconnaissance over trackless oceans. These planes, which carry bombs and depth charges, have made impressive records against isolated Japanese ships, small convoys, submarines and enemy-held islands in their search areas. Our newest twin-engine search plane is the Lockheed Harpoon, which took over the duties of the Lockheed Ventura. It carries bomb and rockets and has ten .50 caliber machine guns with

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which to protect itself. The range of the Harpoon is in excess of 2000 miles and its speed is more than 300 miles an hour.

    The Naval Air Transport Service utilizes as its standard transport planes the Martin Mars, Douglas Skymasters (RSD) and Skytrains (R4D), and Consolidated Coronado flying boats, while Marine Corps air transport groups use the Curtiss Commandos in large numbers. Established on 1 December 1943, the Naval Air Transport Service routes extend over approximately 80,000 miles, covering three quarters of the globe. In addition to carrying freight and passengers, the Service flew Whole blood daily from the west coast to combat areas in the Pacific and evacuated wounded during the Okinawa campaign.

    Improved cooling and other changes have increased the horsepower of standard combat engines 10 percent with little or no increase in weight. Thus it has been possible to translate added power into increased climb and speed. New superchargers made it possible to hold high take-off horsepower to higher altitudes than was possible before. The adoption of water injection for engines to give pilots greater speed in emergencies also became general for all combat types.

    Our requirement for the utmost in reliability and our long-held conviction that an air-cooled power' plant installation was less vulnerable to damage than a liquid-cooled, has caused us to devote primary attention to the development of air-cooled engines, and hence, has contributed substantially to the aircraft program of the country. It can be claimed Without exaggeration that the air-cooled aircraft engine of today would not have been developed effectively had it not been for the Navy’s continued interest.

    Other technological advances in naval aircraft have included the development of jet-assisted take off which made it possible for seaplanes to carry much heavier loads, the largest helicopter yet flying, and radio-controlled target drones and missiles.


Pesonnel On Board

PERSONNEL

The personnel strength of the United States Navy on 2 September 1945 was as follows:

Navy Only            Male                  Female                Total                  
Officers (including warrants)            316,675       8,399     325,074* 
Nurses        10,968      10,968 
Officer Candidates       62,913            12      62,925+ 
Enlisted   2,935,695      73,685   3,009,380 
        Total   3,315,283      93,064   3,408,347 

*Includes 4,038 male officers and 196 female officers whose separations are pending.

Includes- 5,129 personnel in enlisted ratings who are taking officer candidate training.


Personnel outside US

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    Data concerning the number of personnel on board and the deployment Of personnel overseas throughout the war is presented in graphic form in Plates 7 and 8. After nearly four years of procuring personnel, the Navy is now faced with the task of ensuring the orderly return to Civilian life of three million men and women- By January of 1946 one of every three persons in the wartime Navy will have been separated. By the end of January half the total personnel, and by the end of March two thirds, will have been demobilized. It is expected that the rest of the temporary personnel will be discharged by 1 September 1946.

    Guided by national policy, as determined by the congress, careful consideration is being given to the size of the Navy that will be required when demobilization is completed. Roughly the current estimate provides for an active Navy which will be 30 per cent of our present war strength.

    The Navy’s need for officers after the war is governed by the size of the fleet which the Congress determines is necessary to defend the United States and Western Hemisphere, and to discharge our international agreements and obligations. We know that the Navy will need more officers and men than it now has in the Regular Navy—approximately 30,000 more officers and a total of about 500,000 men. One of the best sources of the additional officers required is the Reserve and Temporary officers now on duty. The program for their selection and transfer is well under way. On 16 August 1945 the Secretary of the Navy addressed a message to the service requesting that Reserve and Temporary USN officers desiring to transfer to the Regular Navy submit their applications. The legislation upon which the program is dependent has been introduced in Congress.

    The Navy is extremely proud of the work done by the Women’s Reserve. It is our plan to keep a WAVES component in the Naval Reserve. Further, if Congress approves, we will seek to retain on active duty a reasonable number of WAVES who wish to remain and who may be needed in certain specialties. We know from experience that they can be useful after the war in such specialties as communications, the Medical Corps, and certain types of naval aviation duty.

HEALTH

    During the spring and summer of 1945 the Medical Department applied the medical experience of earlier operations in its support of the Navy’s assault upon the inner defenses of Japan. Improvements in medical care of naval personnel included a more effective chain of evacuation, of which large-scale use of aircraft formed an important part, the provision for a smoother and more rapid flow of medical supplies to the fighting fronts, and the development of an intensive program of preventive medicine, which kept illnesses throughout the Navy and Marine Corps at a low level.

    In past wars, disease and infection have caused more deaths and" disability in armed forces than actual combat itself. World War I significantly checked this. tendency, but the real advantages of modern medical procedures. techniques, and knowledges were experienced during World War II. Navy medical statistics show that of the wounded who surveyed until they could receive medical care, about 98 out of.100 lived. The most recent tabulations indicate an estimated rate for casualty deaths of 8.7 for the first Six months of 1945 in terms of total naval strength as against 4.3 per thousand in 1944. This is primarily a reflection of Iwo Jima, Okinawa, and the attacks of the Japanese “kamikaze” pilots. The total death rate from all causes was 6.7 per thousand for 1944 in terms of total naval strength as against 6.0 per thousand in 1943. According to preliminary data the total death rate from all causes for the first six months of 1945 was estimated at 11.9 per thousand. Over-all cases of sickness and injuries, exclusive of battle injuries, were at the rate of 495.4 per thousand average strength in 1944 as against a corresponding figure of 602.8 in 1943. Two statistical trends in naval morbidity are worthy of note as indicative of the effect of combat. The first is the average per cent of total strength in hospitals, which increased from 1.7 per thousand in 1941 to 2.1 per thousand in 1944 and 2.5 per thousand for the first six months of 1945. Among other things this shows the effect of the longer convalescent periods required for recovery and rehabilitation of war casualties from such injuries as penetrating wounds and fractured bones. Thus, even though the over-all casualty rate has been maintained at a relatively low figure, the total hospital population has been gradually increasing because of the trend toward a longer average number of sick days per patient. The second significant trend was that of mental disease case incidence, which increased from 9.5 per thousand of total naval strength in 1941 to 11.8 per thousand in 1943 and 14.2 per thousand in 1944. These statistics demonstrate clearly the increase in tempo of modern war with its grueling, unfamiliar horrors. This was the motivating factor which has caused the Medical Department of the Navy consistently to emphasize its neuropsychiatric services.

    Statistically the wartime rates indicated above compare favorably with past experience in the Navy, even though the war years have necessitated the maintenance of a large number of naval personnel in foreign waters or on foreign shores where they are subjected to many endemic diseases and infections which are rarely encountered in times of peace. When final statistics are computed on medical care during the war years, there is every indication, upon the basis of preliminary figures, that medical science will be shown to have assumed an importance in the preservation of the health and lives of our fighting men never before equaled in the history of the United States Navy.

    While the Navy Medical Department was actively engaged throughout the year in giving medical support to amphibious operations in the Pacific, it was also providing medical care for thousands of Navy men aboard the ships, submarines, and planes that were daily carrying the war into enemy skies and enemy waters. Good organization, careful training and judicious dispersal of medical personnel and

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supplies made it possible for the Medical Department to meet all demands made upon it in spite of heavy casualties aboard some vessels. These activities included careful classification of the wounded in terms of the urgency of their cases; the use of voluntary crewmen as stretcher bearers, thus releasing hospital corpsmen to assist in caring for the wounded; and the existence of the blood banks aboard many of the vessels making available whole blood for the more serious cases.

    The Medical Department’s second line of defense after the support given in actual battle areas has been its system of fleet, advance base, base and naval hospitals, its dispensaries, and its hospital ships. Scattered throughout the world, they have provided many thousands of beds and the other medical facilities to give patients complete and definitive care.

    In order to give adequate support to the operational portion of the Medical Department, numerous technical and administrative services have been required. Medical research has been one of these. New drugs, new applications of earlier discoveries, and new techniques have been developed through untiring research and observation. Perhaps the most advertised of these is penicillin, which has been found capable of stopping, infection, even where the sulfa drugs are powerless. Prevention and care of burns, use of blood plasma, transportation of whole blood by air to battle areas, and proper methods for healing fractures are some of the problems receiving attention to the end that the Navy Medical Department will not only stay abreast of the developments in medical science but may maintain its position as a leader.

    Rehabilitation programs for casualties are being conducted at a number of hospital centers scattered throughout the United States. The essential purpose of the program is to develop a clear-cut integrated procedure for the rehabilitation of men for return to duty or to civilian life. This part of the program, involving as it does the best possible medical, surgical, and neuropsychiatric care, may be regarded as a policy of the Navy. Special facilities in various naval hospitals are made available to those casualties requiring them. A second part of the program provides for the close cooperation of the Medical Department with specialized rehabilitation agencies which are designed to assist men to make the necessary adjustments and receive the proper training to fit them for useful employment in civilian life. Considerable emphasis has been placed upon the development of a neuropsychiatric program, and efforts are made by the psychiatrists to reach casualties needing their services as quickly as possible after they are affected, so that permanent injuries are avoided. Moreover, psychiatrists assist naval offenders, who have been imprisoned, in making readjustments. As a result, many men who were formerly serious disciplinary problems are now returned to full active duty.

    With the coming of peace, the previously prepared plans of the Medical Department for handling the medical aspects of demobilization have been put into effect. Every precaution is being taken to see that the men returned to civilian life are in sound physical condition, particularly in regard to infectious diseases and defects of a serious nature. Those requiring hospitalization, medical or dental attention, are cared for until fit for release, if desired by the Individual, or until arrangements have been made for continued treatment outside of the Navy.

THE MARINE CORPS

    Prior to 1 March 1945 the Marine Corps had 91 organized and deployed as planned all combat outfits within the authorized strength of 478,000. In addition to the six divisions, four air wings and supporting units of the Fleet Marine Force, there were 11,000 Marines serving in detachments included within the complements of combatant naval vessels, and another 28,000 providing security for naval shore. establishments both within and outside of the United States and at advance bases. The remainder of the Corps was employed in logistic establishments and in training activities necessary for the continuous support of field units.

    Since practically all of the Marine Corps efforts during the war were directed toward the Pacific Theater, the victory in Europe resulted m a negligible change in commitments. Consequently It was not possible to effect a reduction of the Size of the Corps at that time.

    When it became apparent that the authorized strength was inadequate to provide for the increasing numbers who were hospitalized or convalescent, and to maintain the desired rehabilitation program, the President, on 29 May 1945, raised the troop ceiling of the Corps to 503,000. Although the rate of procurement was increased to provide this new strength, the surrender of Japan occurred as the Corps attained a strength of 484,631, and plans for partial demobilization were put into effect at once.

    In order to provide immediate replacements for Marines serving overseas who were entitled to early release from the service, training activities, other than recruit depots, sea-schools, and certain specialist schools, were suspended as soon as demobilization was directed. Upon completion of their recruit training, enlisted men now receive their advanced training in the organizations to which they are assigned. This is in accordance with former peacetime practices within the Corps. Training overhead was further reduced by initiating a program of restricting future officer training to candidates who appear to be postwar Regular officer material. 

    Demobilization of personnel is being effected at the maximum rate consistent with the availability of facilities and with the immediate commitments of the Corps, particularly the Fleet Marine Force. Concurrent with this demobilization is the reorganization of the regular component of the Corps to meet planned postwar requirements. Preparation is being made for the transfer of qualified Reserve and Temporary officers to the Regular service in such numbers as may be authorized. When Japan surrendered there were 71,460 Marines serving under current four-year regular enlistments. Recruiting of Regulars for four-year enlistments has been resumed with the priority in opportunity to enlist in the Regular service being afforded to those who served in the war.

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    On V-J day there were 1000 Women’s Reserves serving in or en-route to Hawaii, and at that time the" further assignments to overseas duty were cancelled. Women’s Reserves are being demobilized as expeditiously as possible, and essentially in accordance with the same policies that apply to the men, but with lower critical scores.

THE COAST GUARD

    On 1 September 1945 Coast Guard totalled 170,480, including 9,624 in the SPARS. Since its total postwar military strength is planned at 34,-500, the Coast Guard has taken prompt action looking toward the ultimate demobilization of its wartime forces. All enlistments in the Reserve and Women’s Reserve (SPARS) have been discontinued and future enlistments will be in the Regular Coast Guard only and limited to 17-year olds. Legislation is being requested to permit the acceptance of a limited number of Reserve officers and enlisted men in the Regular Coast Guard.

    In addition to the 1677 Coast Guard craft in active service at the end of the 1945 fiscal year, Coast Guard personnel on 1 August 1945 were manning 326 Navy craft and 254 Army vessels, about 50,000 Coastguard men serving on Navy and 6,000 on Army craft. Only 84 Reserve vessels remained in service out of a total of 2,089 which had been taken over early in the war, principally to combat the submarine menace along the coasts. There had also been 908 other‘ vessels acquired during the war through purchase, charter or gift, and all but 252 of these had been disposed of, '

    Following the defeat of Germany, port security measures on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts were relaxed. The examination of vessels leaving and entering ports was discontinued, as were identification “card requirements and licenses for individual vessel movements. Certain restricted areas on these coasts were abolished along with anti-sabotage water patrols and guards on cargo vessels and waterfront facilities. By the end of the 1945 fiscal year, only 34 ports had Coast Guard port protection as against 117 ports a year earlier; the total personnel engaged in such activities had declined from 23,817 to 16,304.

    After V-E day, three port protective programs were intensified—fire fighting, supervision over explosive handling, and anti-oil pollution. The training of personnel in fire prevention and fire fighting techniques was followed by a program coordinated with the Army to improve and strengthen fire protection measures at ports of embarkation. Thirty Navy fireboats, Coast Guard manned, were assigned to forward areas in the Pacific. Supervisory activities over the proper handling and stowage of explosives were extended to naval ammunition depots having port facilities, as well as to naval bases in the Pacific and to European ports handling explosives and ammunition then being deployed to the Pacific. Finally, an intensive educational campaign against oil pollution in American ports was begun. With the surrender of Japan the size of the Coast Guard’s munition handling details in the Pacific was considerably increased and their task of supervising the handling and loading of explosives for return to the United States was expected to extend over a period of several months.

    While the activities of Temporary Reservists, who serve 'Without pay and are principally engaged in port security work. were being discontinue dialog the Atlantic and Gulf coasts and the inland waterways systems after V-E day, enrollments on the west coast did, not relax with the heavy movements to the Pacific of personnel and supplies which continued up to the surrender of Japan. By 1 September 1945, however, there were less than 12,000 Temporary Reservists assigned to active duty out of a onetime total of 62,333. Some of these were pilots, who under limited control exercised by the Coast Guard had handled 120.000 pilotage assignments in 39 ports during the 1945 fiscal year.

    In July 1945, 64 fixed and 17 mobile LORAN (Long Range Navigation) stations were being operated by the Coast Guard. This advanced method of establishing navigational positions by electronics had been installed promptly on Iwo Jima and Okinawa and provided LORAN lines of position over the Japanese mainland. making for successful bombing missions. Forty-five RACON (Radar Beacon) stations which give, within 120 miles of the station, the distance and bearing of an airplane or ship, had been installed and were being operated by the Coast Guard on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts and in Alaska. While certain aids to navigation in the Atlantic area used primarily for war purposes, such as swept channel markings, were being removed, there was an accelerated demand for aids to navigation throughout the Pacific area to facilitate the forward movement of our armed forces. Meanwhile studies are being made of the possibility of designing light-ships which could be operated without regular crews on board.

    Some 1627 new vessels, aggregating 9,009,216 gross tons, which had been constructed during the fiscal year 1945, had been certificated by the Coast Guard under the marine inspection laws. Annual inspections on 9720 vessels were completed during the year. The passing of the peak of the emergency ship construction relieved a number of field inspectors who were transferred from the east coast and Great Lakes to Pacific ports for temporary duty.

    Merchant Marine Hearing Units continued to operate in all important United States ports while others functioned in Europe, Suez. Ceylon, the south and southwest Pacific and the Canal Zone. They promptly investigated marine casualties and acted as government liaison officers in merchant marine affairs.

    The Coast Guard maintained nine air stations along the coasts of the United States, under the operational control of the various sea frontiers, with a total of 165 planes. These have served as task units in the conduct of air-sea rescue. Assistance was rendered in 686 plane crashes and 786 lives were saved during the fiscal year; 5357 emergency medical cases were transported and 149 obstructions to navigation and derelicts were sighted for removal.

 

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VII- NAVAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DURING WORLD WAR II

     In December 1941 the United States faced seasoned enemies, who not only had long been preparing for war but who had actually been waging it for several years. Within the limited facilities and means available throughout the years of peace. the United States Navy had, however. equipped itself with weapons the equal of. or superior to. those of other navies and had laid the groundwork for still further development. During the war the science and industry of this country and our allies were mobilized to apply existing scientific knowledge to the perfection of these weapons and the development of new and more deadly means of waging war. As a result, the United States Navy was able to maintain the technical advantage over the navies of our enemies. which contributed so materially to the outcome of World War II.

    The means of accomplishing this were not so much directed towards making new discoveries, as towards the exploitation of the skills and techniques which civilian scientists had already cultivated in years of peace. When war appeared imminent. the War and Navy Departments and the National Academy of Sciences gave close attention to the most profitable manner of utilizing the strength of American science in military and naval research. It was decided to attempt a solution involving the maximum flexibility and initiative. in which the fundamental principle would be cooperation between science and the armed forces. rather than to bring- the scientists into military and naval laboratories, as was done in England. The principle proved thoroughly sound. The arrangement adopted was the establishment by executive order of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, which had as its scientific and technical working bodies the National Defense Research Council, the Medical Research Council, and later the Office of Field Service. To assure full integration of the potentialities of these organizations with the Navy’s own research and development program and the needs of the service, the late Secretary Knox. In July 1941, established the office of Coordinator of Research and Development. Throughout the war, the development of new weapons and devices has been accelerated by the teamwork between the users. The scientists, the engineer-designers and the producers.

    The devices and weapons resulting from the research and development program have been put to use in every phase of naval warfare. Particular examples, cited because of their complexity and diversification, are amphibious warfare, carrier warfare. submarine and antisubmarine warfare. In each of these cases, our combat effectiveness has been materially increased by improvements in communications, navigational devices, fire control, detection equipment, firepower, aircraft performance (range, speed, armament, handling characteristics) and by advanced training methods and equipment.

    Perhaps the greatest technological advances of the entire war have been made in the field of electronics both within the naval laboratories and in collaboration with the Office of Scientific Research and Development. Pre-existing radar sets were developed and new models created for ship and air-borne search fire control, and for accurate long-range navigation. Identification and recognition equipment were developed for use in conjunction with radar systems. New and highly efiicient short-range radio telephones are now in use for tactical communication. In the successful antisubmarine campaign in the Atlantic, small radio-sono—buoys were used; these, when dropped from aircraft, listened for the noise made

 


RADAR Antennae of an Essex-class carrier

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by a submarine and automatically relayed the information to the searching plane. Great strides have been made in electronic antisubmarine detection equipment. Underwater echo-ranging gear and listening equipment have been improved in quality and extended in function since the outbreak of the war. Countermeasures have been developed for jamming enemy radar and communication systems, disrupting the control signals for his guided missiles, and counteracting his measures to jam our own equipment.

    The foundation for our shipboard radar systems had been laid before the war. The earliest observations of radio phenomena of the kind that are exploited by radar were made at the Naval Research Laboratory by groups working with Dr. A. H. Taylor and Dr. R. N. Page, and the military possibilities were immediately grasped by these scientists and by Rear Admiral H. G. Bowen, then Director of the Laboratory. Because of this, at the outset of the war, our Navy alone had on its ships a search radar specifically designed for shipboard use. We had already incorporated in these radars the technical development of using a single antenna for transmission and reception. Radar of this type contributed to completely developed, and was installed before the development of new types of vacuum tubes.

    Initially, from want of experience against an enemy attacking with the persistence demonstrated by the Japanese, our antiaircraft batteries were inadequate. Particularly was this true in the case of automatic weapon batteries, consisting at that time of the .50-caliber and 1.1-inch machine guns. The main antiaircraft batteries in the fleet, consisting of 5-.1nch and 3-inch main batteries were controlled by directors employing optical range information. Although antiaircraft fire-control radar was under development, no installations were operative in the fleet.

    By the time Japan surrendered, our defenses had been revolutionized. The fleet was equipped with accurate antiaircraft fire-control radar. Our antiaircraft gun defenses consisted of multiple power driven 40-millimeter mounts, 20-millimeter mounts, and 5-inch twin and single mounts, many of which were controlled by small intermediate range radar-fed gun directors. The VT, or proximity influence fuse, initially sponsored by the Navy and by the Office of Scientific Research and Development, marked a radical change from previous methods of detonating a projectile and vastly increased the effectiveness of antiaircraft defenses.

    At the end of the war, the 8-inch rapid-fire turret had been developed and was ready for introduction to the fleet. Completely automatic in action, it can be used against ship, aircraft, or land targets. The guns are loaded from the handling rooms automatically and are automatically laid.

    When the threat of the German magnetic mines became known in 1939, the Navy immediately mobilized scientific talent and industrial capacity to produce a countermeasure. Several methods of demagnetizing our ships were developed. These were applied before Pearl Harbor to all combatant vessels, and later to all other vessels, and were of material assistance in maintaining the safety of our Vital shipping lanes. At the same time, acoustic and magnetic firing devices were developed and produced in quantity for our mines and depth charges. Electric torpedoes were developed to supplement the airstream torpedo, which at the outbreak of war was our weapon of underwater attack.

    Rockets and rocket launchers were developed, with the assistance of California Institute of Technology and other agencies, for use on board ships and aircraft. Appropriate types of rockets were developed for use against submarines, for the support of amphibious landings, and for aircraft. These allowed heavy firepower to be concentrated in-light craft.

    Fighter-plane speed was greatly increased during


RADAR Vertical chart in plot room


ELECTRIC TORPEDO Submarine crew, reprovisioning at an advance base, stow new electrically-driven weapon below decks

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the war. At the end an experimental model ready for combat use had a speed of over 550 miles per hour. This plane was powered w1th turbo-Jet engines, little known before 1941. Development of the conventional aircraft engine had also progressed; whereas initially the maximum size was 1000 horse-power, improved types of 3000 horsepower are now in , use. Torpedo bombers, scout bombers, patrol bombers, and scout observation planes have all been rapidly developed during the period. Carrier-borne aircraft with increased speed, range, and armament carried the battle to the Japanese homeland, and patrol aircraft with high speed, long range, and greater offensive power aided in supplying the information necessary to the success of those "operations. Development of the arresting gear, launching catapults, and handling equipment of our surface ships kept pace with the increasing weights of planes, and allowed more planes per ship to be carried than had been possible in peacetime.

    Our aircraft were a' focus for developments in many fields. Radar opened new possibilities for search, night combat, and operations under poor visibility conditions. Aircraft guns were increased in size from the .30-caliber World War I weapon to ZO-millimeter, 37-millimeter, and 75-millimeter guns. Air-borne rockets. up to 11.75 inches in diameter radically increased the striking power of conventional aircraft, with little' penalty on performance. Rocket power was also used on seaplanes for assistance in take-off with heavy loads and in high seas, making possible the rescue of many downed aviators and thereby reducing our combat losses. Development of the “fire bomb” further extended the tactical versatility of aircraft.

    Training Was enormously expedited by the introduction of a great variety of synthetic training devices. These endeavored to offer trainees an approximation of battle experience and to develop the reactions of a veteran before actual combat. AS an example, it is now possible for the entire crew of a submarine to rehearse approaches and torpedo attacks against enemy task forces in trainers on dry land, which provide simulated visual observation of the enemy, simulated radar and sonar information and in which all of the complex battle gear and fire control mechanisms operate as they do in a real submarine.

    Certain developments, whose progress was most promising were not completed in time for extensive combat use. These are primarily guided missiles and pilotless aircraft, utilizing remote control by electronic apparatus. These new developments will play a major role in warfare of the future, carrying new explosive over greatly increased ranges.

    In the early days of research leading towards the application of atomic energy for military purposes, the Naval Research Laboratory was the only government facility engaged in this type of work. At the Laboratory there was developed a liquid thermal diffusion process for separation of uranium isotopes. Enriched chemicals, as well as basic designs and operating practices, were later supplied to the Army and used in one of the Oak Ridge plants manufacturing the atomic bomb.

    The complexity of modern warfare in both methods and means demands “exacting analysis of the measures and countermeasures introduced at every stage by ourselves and the enemy; Scientific research can not only speed the invention and production of weapons, but also assist in insuring their correct use. The application, by qualified scientists, of the scientific method to the improvement of naval operating techniques and material, has come to be called operations research~ Scientists engaged in operations research are experts who advise that part of the Navy which is using the weapons and craft—the fleets themselves. To function effectively they must work under the direction of, and have close personal contact with the officers who plan and carry on the operations. of war.

    During the war we have succeeded in enlisting the services of a group of competent scientists to carry out operations research. This group was set up as a flexible organization able to reassign personnel quickly when new critical problems arose. Fiscal and administrative control of the group was. originally vested in the Office of Scientific Research and Development. The group as a whole was assigned to the Navy for functional control, and in the course of time was attached to my Headquarters.

    The initial impulse toward the formation of such a group arose in April 1942, during the early days of the antisubmarine war. With the cooperation of the Antisubmarine Division of the National Defense Research Committee, seven scientists were recruited by Columbia University and assigned to the Antisubmarine Warfare Unit, Atlantic Fleet.

    During the year 1942 the group was considerably increased in size, and in July 1943, at a strength of approximately forty members, it was incorporated


JET-ASSISTED FIGHTER PLANE U.S. Navy carrier plane takes off for one of the last strikes against Japan

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 into the staff of the Tenth Fleet as the Antisubmarine Warfare Operation Research Group. Subsequently the administrative responsibility for the group was transferred from Columbia University to the Office of Field Service, with alteration in relationship with the Navy. In October 1944, with the decline of the submarine menace, the group was transferred to the Readiness Division of my Headquarters and renamed the Operations Research Group. At the close of the war it consisted of seventy-three scientists, drawn from a wide variety of backgrounds. Many of the members were attached, as the need arose, to the staffs of fleet and type commanders overseas, and at operating bases in war theaters. So far as possible they were afforded the opportunity of observing combat operations at first hand.

    Operations research, as it has developed, falls into two main categories: theoretical analysis of tactics, strategy and the equipment of war on the one hand; and statistical analysis of operations on the other. Each type of naval operation had to be analyzed theoretically to determine the maximum potentialities of the equipment involved, the probable reactions of the personnel, and the nature of the tactics which would combine equipment and personnel in an optimum manner. Action reports, giving the actual results obtained in this type of operation, were studied in a quantitative manner in order to amplify, correct, and correlate closely the theoretical analysis with what was actually happening on the field of battle. The knowledge resulting from this continued crosscheck of theory with practice made it possible to work out improvements in tactics which sometimes increased the effectiveness of weapons by factors of three or five’, to detect changes in the enemy’s tactics in time to counter them before they became dangerous, and to calculate force requirements for future operations.

    The late war, more than any other, has involved the interplay of new technical measures and opposing countermeasures. For example, the German U-boats had to revise their tactics and equipment when we began to use radar on our antisubmarine aircraft; and we, in turn had to modify our tactics and radar equipment to counter their changes. In this see-saw of techniques the side which countered quickly, before the Opponent had time to perfect the new tactics and weapons, had a decided advantage. Operations research, bringing scientists in to analyze the technical import of the fluctuations between measure and countermeasure, made it possible to speed up our reaction rate in several critical cases. -

    Likewise, in their struggle to counteract our improved convoy escort tactics, the U-boats introduced the acoustic torpedo, which steers for a ship by listening to the sound it makes under water. Our development of countermeasures was based on studies by the Operations Research Group into the pattern of sound produced in the sea by ships’ propellers and on the probable reaction of the torpedo to various decoy devices: In this and other cases, information derived from intelligence sources was interpreted by the members of the group in the light of their scientific knowledge and utilized to devise improved countermeasures.

    Submarine and antisubmarine operations are closely complementary. Methods developed for attack have as a counterpart methods for defense based on the principles underlying both. In the subgroup devoted to submarine warfare, theoretical and operational studies were carried out on coordination of attack by groups of submarines; torpedo fire control; effectiveness of rescue of downed aviators; causes of loss of United States submarines; the relative merits of various types of torpedoes under differing circumstances; and enemy countermeasures to our radar search equipment.

    Research on air problems has been devoted in the main to perfection of tactics designed to minimize flak hazard to naval aircraft attacking gun-defended targets, and to analysis of accuracy and effectiveness of aerial weapons, primarily against sea-borne targets. Bombs, rockets, and torpedoes are designed for distinct uses, conditioned by the accuracy of launching and by their lethal effectiveness. Studies of the peculiarities of these weapons have led to recommendations for tactics and training procedures. Studies were carried out by other subgroups on defense of task forces against suicide attacks, on the effectiveness of antiaircraft fire, and on problems of naval gunfire as a support for amphibious landings.

    The Operations Research Group', to be renamed the Operations Evaluation Group as more closely descriptive of its function, will be cont1nued as part of the naval organization at appropriate peacetime strength.

    The assistance and cooperation of industry and science have been indispensable. Without this assistance, many of the weapons which have come into

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being as the result of intensive wartime research and development otherwise never would have been completed and introduced into the fleet.

    It had often been predicted that in a national emergency the totalitarian countries would have a great technical advantage over the democracies because of their ability to regiment scientific facilities and man power at will. ‘The results achieved by Germany, Italy and Japan do not bear out this contention. Studies made since the close of the war indicate that in none of these countries was the scientific effort as effectively handled as in the United States. The rapid, effective and original results obtained in bringing science into our war effort are proof of the responsiveness of our form of government to meeting emergencies, the technical competence of American scientists, and the productive genius of American industry.

    It would be unfair to others to single out by name individual scientists who made important scientific and technical contributions to the improvement of old or the development of new weapons. There were thousands of such, contributions. It is generally conceded that with respect to originality of ideas and individual resourcefulness the scientists in the axis countries. were as competent as our own. Where American science outdistanced the axis powers the superior administration of the over-all effort so that the available scientific manpower of the country could function with the maximum effectiveness. The leadership for what may be broadly termed the civilian emergency scientific effort was provided by the same individuals during the entire war period. These individuals deserve special mention among those responsible for the superb administrative efficiency which characterized the American conduct of the war throughout. Dr. Vannevar Bush as the Director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development carried the over-all administrative and technical responsibility for that organization. Under him Dr. James B. Conant as Chairman of the National Defense Research Committee; Dr. Alfred N. Richards as Chairman of the Committee on Medical Research, and Dr. Karl T. Compton as the head of the Office of Field Services-administered the scientific and technical activities of the Office of Scientific Research and Development. Dr. Frank B. Jewett as the President of the National Academy of Sciences and of its


Planes in the air

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working body the National Research Council and Dr. Jerome C. Hunsaker as the Chairman of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics directed the activities of these organizations during this period. The coordination of the work of these groups with the Navy was handled by the Office of the Coordinator of Research and Development headed by Rear Admiral J. A. Furer.

    I Wish to pay particular tribute to the group of scientists, industrialists and officers of the Army and Navy who, under the direction of Major General L. R. Groves, USA, achieved the final outstanding technical success of the war—the development of a practical atomic bomb and the method of using it from aircraft.

    Sufficient progress in the technical development and use of improved weapons and associated equipment has been made during the war to emphasize the necessity for continued progress. Working under the stress of an emergency, the factor of primary importance was immediate effectiveness against the enemy. This resulted in “crash designs” and production that required considerably more personnel, weight and space, than the more seasoned design that might have been produced had time been available. Thus, the rapid expansion and development of new weapons and devices during the war was often at the cost of factors of major importance, such as the reserve buoyancy and stability of/the ships in which they were installed. Those wartime designs, while they have well served their purpose against the enemy, have nevertheless created problems of refinement and improvement in the ultimate design of equipment, which must be so resolved that a minimum of personnel, weight and space Will be required to attain the desired effect. These problems must be energetically attacked in the coming years of peace. Only by continuing vigorous research and development can this country hope to be protected from any potential enemies and maintain the position which it now enjoys in possessing the greatest effective naval fighting force in history.

VIII- Conclusion

    In my previous reports, I have touched upon the effective cooperation between our Allies which has been been of such fundamental and signal importance in accounting for the success of our combined undertakings. This cooperation has continued and been extended in the period since my last report. I have spoken before of the full measure of cooperation and support rendered by the ground, air and service forces of the Army in a partnership of accomplishment, which neither Navy nor Army could have carried out singly. For that cooperation, undiminished throughout the war, and to the whole-hearted support from the great body of citizens who performed the countless and varied tasks which made up our war effort, I reaffirm my appreciation. Just as the Navy depended upon its sister services and upon the multitude of activities which produced the implements of war, so also did the Navy rely for success upon the Reserves and the Regulars, the men and the women who constituted in its mutually supporting elements—the Fleet, the Shore Establishment, the Marine Corps, the Coast Guard and the Seabees—each of which contributed its full share to victory.

    The end of the war came before we had dared to expect it. As late as August 1943 strategic studies drawn up by the British and United States planners contemplated the war against Japan continuing far into 1947. Even the latest plans were based upon the Japanese war lasting a year after the fall of Germany. Actually Japan’s defeat came within three months of Germany’s collapse. The nation can be thankful that the unrelenting acceleration of our power in the Pacific ended the war in 1945.

    The price of victory has been high. Beginning with the dark days of December 1941 and continuing until September 1945, when ships of the Pacific Fleet steamed triumphant into Tokyo Bay, the Navy’s losses were severe. The casualties of the United States Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard reached the totals of 56,206 dead, 80,259 wounded, and 8,967; missing. Many of these gallant men fell in battle; many were lost in strenuous and hazardous operations convoying our shipping or patrolling the seas and skies; others were killed in training for the duties that Fate would not permit them to carry out. All honor to these heroic men. To their families and to those who have suffered the physical and mental anguish of wounds, the Navy includes its sympathy in that of the country they served so well. ‘

    It is my sincere hope—and expectation—that the United States will hereafter remain ever ready to support and maintain the peace of the world by being ever ready to back up its words with deeds.


The Tides of War in the Pacific, 1941-1945


Japanese Position prior to 7 Dec 1941

[48]

APPENDIX A

Status of major combatant ships of Japanese Navy at the conclusion of hostilities

Ships                         Date Commissioned                 Final Disposition                Ships             
Date Commissioned Final Disposition        
  BATTLESHIPS   AIRCRAFT CARRIERS-Concluded
FUSO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 25 October 1944 in Surigao Straits, P.I. by U.S. destroyers KASAGI Not commissioned Under camouflage at Sasebo; fitting out discontinued
HARUNA Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 28 July 1945 at Kure by U.S. carrier planes KATSURAGI October 1944 HEAVILY DAMAGED 24-28 July 1945 at Kure by U.S. carrier planes
HIYEI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 13 November 1942 off Savo Is., Solomons by U.S. fleet units and aircraft RYUHO November 1942 HEAVILY DAMAGED 19 March 1945 at Kure by U.S. carrier planes
HYUGA Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 28 July 1945 at Kure by U.S. carrier planes RYUJO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 24 August 1942 off Malaita Is., Solomons by U.S. carrier
ISE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 28 July 1945 at Kure by U.S. carrier SHINANO November 1944 SUNK 29 November 1944. S. of Honshu by U.S. submarine
KIRISHIMA Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 15 November 1942 off Savo Is., Solomons by U.S. fleet units SHOHO December 1941 SUNK 7 May 1942 in Coral Sea by U.S. carrier planes
KONGO Prior 7 Dec., 1941 sunk 21 November 1944 off Foochow, China by U.S. submarine SORYU Prior 7 DEc. 1941 SUNK 4 June 1942
MUSASHI August 1942 SUNK 25 October 1944 in Sibuyan Sea, P.I. by U.S. Carrier planes TAIHO March 1944 SUNK 19 June 1944 off Yap by U.S. submarine
MUTSU Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 8 June 1943 in Hiroshima Bay by accidential explosion UNRYU 1944 SUNK 19 December 1944 in E. China Sea by U.S. submarine
NAGATO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 HEAVILY DAMAGED 18 July 1945 at Yokisuka by U.S. carrier planes ZUIHO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 25 October 1944 N.E. of Luzon by U.S. carrier planes
YAMASHIRO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 15 October 1944 in Surigao Straits, P.I. by U.S. fleet units ZUIKAKU Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 25 October 1944 N.E. of Luzon by U.S. carrier planes
YAMATO December 1941 SUNK 7 April 1945 off Kyushu by U.S. carrier planes      
      ESCORT AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
  AIRCRAFT CARRIERS CHUYO November 1942 SUNK 4 December 1943 S.E. of Honshu by U.S. submarine
AKAGI Prior 7 December 1941 SUNK 4 June 1942 off Midway by U.S. carrier planes KAIYO November 1943 SUNK 24 July 1945 in Beppu Bay, Japan by
AMAGI August 1944

HEAVILY DAMAGED 24-28 July 1945 at Kure by U.S. carrier planes

 

JINYO December 1943 SUNK 17 November 1944 in S. Yellow Sea by U.S. submarine
CHITOSE January 1944 SUNK 25 October 1944 N.E. of Luzon by U.S. carrier planes OTAKA 1942 SUNK 18 August 1944 N.W. of Luzon by U.S. submarine
CHIYODA October 1943 SUNK 25 October 1944 .E. of Luzon by U.S. carrier planes and fleet units UNYO 1942 1942 SUNK 16 September 1944 in S. China Sea by U.S. submarine
HAYATAKA (JUNYO) May 1942 HEAVILY DAMAGED 9 December 1944 off Nagasaki; out of action at Sasebo   HEAVY CRUISERS
      AOBA Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 28 July 1945 at Kure by U.S. carrier planes
HIRYU Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 5 June 1942 off Midway by U.S. carrier planes ASHIGARA Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 8 June 1945 S.E. of Singapore by British submarine
HITAKO (HIYO) July 1942 SUNK 20 June 1944 in Philippine Sea by U.S. carrier planes ATAGO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 23 October 1944 off Palawan, P.I. by U.S. submarine
HOSHO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 OUT OF ACTION, lightly damaged, in Japan area CHIKUMA Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 25 October 1944 E. of Samar, P.I. by U.S. carrier planes and fleet units
KAGA Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 4 June 1942 off Midway by U.S. carrier planes      

 

[49]

Ships          Date Commissioned Final Disposition    Ships         Date Commissioned  Final Disposition       
  HEAVY CRUISERS--Concluded   LIGHT CRUISERS--Concluded
CHOKAI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 24 October 1944 in Sibuyan Sea, P.I. by U.S. carrier planes NAKA Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 17 February 1944 S.W. of Truk by U.S. submarine
KURUTAKA Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 11 October 1942 off Savo Is., Solomons by U.S. fleet units NATORI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 18 August 1944 E. of Samar, P.I. by U.S. submarine
HAGURO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 16 May 1945 off Penang by British carrier planes and desroyers NOSHIRO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 26 October 1944 N.W. of Penay, P.I. by U.S, carrier planes
KAKO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 10 August 1942 off New Ireland by U.S. submarine OI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 19 July 1944 in S. China Sea by U.S. submarine
KINGUGASA Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 14 November 1942 off Savo Is., Solomons by U.S. carrier planes OYODO February 1943 SUNK 28 July 1945 at Kure by U.S. carrier planes
KUMANO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 25 November 1944 off W. Luzon by U.S. carrier planes SAKAWA November 1944 In Japan
MIKUMA Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 6 June 1942 off Midway Is. by U.S. carrier planes TAMA Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 25 October 1944 N.E. of Luzon by U.S. submarine
MOGAMI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 25 October 1944 in Mindanao Sea, P.I. by U.S. fleet units TATSUTA Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 14 March 1944 S. of Yokohama by U.S. submarine
MYOKO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 OUT OF ACTION at Singapore; heavily damaged 13 December 1944 S.W. of Saigon by U.S. submarine TENRYU Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 18 December 1942 in Bismarck Sea by U.S. submarine
NACHI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 5 November 1944 in Manila Bay by U.S. carrier planes YAHAGI December 1943 SUNK 7 April 1945 off Kyushu by U.S. carrier planes
SUZUYA Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 25 October 1944 E. of Samar, P.I. by U.S. carrier planes YUBARI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 27 April 1944 S. of Palau by U.S. submarine
TAKAO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 OUT OF ACTION at Singapore; heavily damaged 23 October 1944 off Palawan, P.I. by U.S. submarine YURA Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 25 October 1942 off Santa Isabel, Solomons by U.S. planes
TONE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 28 July 1945 at Kure by U.S. carrier aircraft      
  LIGHT CRUISERS TRAINING CRUISERS  
ABUKUMA Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 26 October 1944 off Neros, P.I. by B-24's and fleet units KASHI Prior7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 12 January 1945 in S. China Sea by U.S. carrier planes
AGANO October 1942 SUNK 16 February 1944 N. Truk by U.S. submarine KASHIMA Prior 7 Dec. 1941 In Japan
ISUZU Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 7 April 1945 N. of Soembawa, N.E.I. by U.S submarines KATORI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 17 February 1944 at Truk by U.S. fleet units and carrier planes
JINTSU Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 13 July 1943 N. of Kolombangara, Solomons by U.S. fleet units      
KINU Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 26 October 1944 S.W. of Masbate, P.I. by U.S. carrier planes DESTROYERS  
KISO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 13 November 1944 in Manila Bay by U.S. carrier planes AKATSUKI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 13 November 1942 off Savo Is., Solomons by U.S. cruiser
KITAGAMI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 HEAVILY DAMAGED 24-28 July 1945 off Kure by U.S. carrier planes AKEBONO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 13 November 1944 in Manila Bay by U.S. carrier planes
KUMA Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 11 January 1944 off Penang by British submarine AKIGUMO 1942 SUNK 11 April 1944 off Zamboanga, Mindanao by U.S. submarine
NAGARA Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 7 August 1944 W. of Jyushu by U.S. submarine AKIKAZE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 3 November 1944 in S. China Sea by U.S. submarine
      AKISHIMO 1944 SUNK 13 November 1944 in Manila Bay U.S. carrier planes
      AKITSUKI 1942 SUNK 22 December 1944 off Omai Saki, Honshu by U.S. submarine
      AMAGIRI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 23 April 1944 an Makassar Strait by mine
      AMATSUKAZE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 DESTROYED 6 April 1945 off Amoy by B-25's
      ARARE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 5 July 1942 off Kiska by U.S. submarine

[50]

Ships              Date Commissioned          Final Disposition      Ships              Date Commissioned          Final Disposition                
  DESTROYERS--Continued   DESTROYERS--Continued
ARASHIO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 3 March 1943 in Huon Gulf, New Guinea by U.S. Army bombers HATSUHARU Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 13 November 1944 in Manila Bay by U.S. carrier planes
ARIAKE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 28 July 1943 off Cape Glouceser, New Britain by B-25's HATSUKAZE Prior 7 Dec., 1941 SUNK 2 November 1943 W. of Bougainville Is. by U.S. fleet units
ASAGAO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 HEAVILY DAMAGED 22 August 1945 near Moji; in Japan HATSUME 1945 Not manned; in Japan
ASAGIRI Prior 7 DEc. 1941 SUNK 28 August 1942 off Santa Isabel, Solomons by Marine bombers HATSUSHIMO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 30 July 1945 in Miyazu Bay
ASAGUMO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 25 October 1944 in Surigao Strait by U.S. fleet units HATSUYUKI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 17 July 1943 off Kahili, Bougainville by U.S. Navy and Marine planes
ASAKAZE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 23 August 1944 off Cape Bolinao, Luzon by U.S. submarine HATSUZAKURA 1945 Not manned; in Japan
ASANAGI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 22 May 1944 N.W. of Bonin Is. by U.S. submarine HATSUZUKI 1942 SUNK 25 November 1944 S.W. of Manila by U.S. submarine
ASASHIMO 1943 SUNK 7 April 1945 off KYushu by U.S. carrier planes HAYANAMI 1943 SUNK 7 June 1944 S.E. of Sibutu Passage, P.I. by U.S. submarine
ASASHIO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 3 March 1943 in Huon Gulf, New Guinea by U.S. Army bombers HAYASHIMO 1944 SUNK 26 October 1944 S.E. of Mindoro, O.I. by U.S. carrier planes
AYANAMI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 15 November 1942 off Savo Is., Solomons by U.S. fleet units HAYASHIO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 24 November 1942 is Huon Gulf, New Guinea by B-17's
ENOKI 1945 HEAVILY DAMAGED 24 July 1945 near Maizuru; in Japan HAYATE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 11 December 1941 off Wake Is. by shore batteries
FUBUKI Prior 7 Dece. 1941 SUNK 11 October 1942 off Savo Is., Solomons by U.S. Fleet units HIBIKI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 HEAVILY DAMAGED 29 March 1945 at Himejima; in Japan
FUJINAMI 1943 SUNK 27 October 1944 S. of Mindoro, P.I. by U.S. carrier planes HINOKI 1944 HEAVILY DAMAGED 5 January 1945 off Manila; in Japan
FUMITSUKI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 17 February 1944 at Truk by U.S. carrier planes HOKAZE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 6 July 1944 inS. Celebes Sea by U.S. submarine
FUYO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 20 December 1943 off Manila by U.S. submarine IKAZUCHI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 13 April 1944 S.W. of Guam by U.S. submarine
FUYUTSUKI 1944 HEAVILY DAMAGED at Moji by mine; decommissioned INAZUMA  Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 14 May 1944 off Tawi Tawi, P.I. by U.S. submarine
HAGI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 DAMAGED; in Japan ISOKAZE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 7 April 1945 off Kyushu by U.S. carrier planes
HAGIKAZE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 6 August 1943 in Vella Gulf, New Georgia by U.S. destroyers ISONAMI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 9 April 1943 in Buton passage, Celebes by U.S. submarine
HAKAZE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 23 January 1943 off Steffen Strait, Bismarcks by U.S. submarine IWANAMI 1944 SUNK 4 December 1944 in S. China Sea by U.S. submarine
HAMAKAZE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 7 April 1945 off Kyushu by U.S carrier planes KABA 1944 HEAVILY DAMAGED 24 July 1945 in Inland Sea; in Japan
HAMANAMI 1944 SUNK 11 November 1944 in Ormoc Bay by U.S. carrier planes KAEDE 1944 HEAVILY DAMAGED 31 January 1945 S. of Formosa; in Japan
HANATSUKI 1945 LIGHTLY DAMAGED; in Japan KAGERO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 8 May 1943 in Blackett Strait, New Georgia by mines and aircraft
HARUKAZE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 HEAVILY DAMGED 21 January 1945 at Bako; in Japan KAKI 1944 Not manned; in Japan
HARUSAME Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 8 June 1944 N.W. of Manokwari, New Guinea by B-25's KAMIKAZE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 Operational; at Singapore
HARUTSUKI 1945 In Japan KARIKAYA Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 10 May 1944 off Manila Bay by U.S. submarine
HARUKAZE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 HEAVILY DAMAGED 21 January 1945 at Bako; in Japan KARUKAYA Prior 7 DEc. 1941 SUNK 10 May 1944 off Manila Bay by U.S. submarine
HARUSAME Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 8 June 1944 N.W. of Manokwari, New Guinea by B-25's KASHI 1944 HEAVILY DAMAGED 21 January 1945 at Takao; in Japan
HARUTSUKI 1945 In Japan KASHIWA Not commissioned In Japan
HASU Prior 7 Dec. 1941 HEAVILY DAMAGED 16 January 1945 off Hongkong; at Tsingtao KASUMI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 7 April 1945 off Kyushu by U.S. carrier planes
HATAKAZE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 15 January 1945 in Takao Harbor      

[51]

 

Ships          Date Commissioned     Final Disposition            Ships            Date Commissioned Final Disposition
  DESTROYERS-Continued   DESTROYERS-Continued
KAWAKAZE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 Sunk 6 August 1943 in Cella Gulf, New Georgia by U.S. destroyers MOCHIZUKI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 24 October 1943 E. of New Britain by U.S. Navy patrol bomber
KAYA 1944 HEAVILY DAMAGED 27 December 1944 off Mindoro; in Japan MOMI 1944 SUNK 5 January 1945 S.W. of Manila Bay by U.S. carrier planes
KAZEGUMO 1942 SUNK 8 June 1944 off Davao, Mindanao, P.I. by U.S. submarine MOMO 1944 Uncertain
KEYAKI 1945 Not manned; in Japan MURAKUMO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 12 October 1942 off New Georgia Is. by U.S. carrier planes
KIKUTSUKI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 4 May 1942 off Tulagi, Solomons by U.S. carrier planes MURASAME Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 6 March 1943 in Kula Gulf, New Guinea by U.S. fleet units
KIRI 1944 HEAVILY DAMAGED 12 December 1944 near Leyte; in Japan MUTSUKI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 25 August 1942 off Santa Isabel, Solomons by B-17's
KISARAGI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 11 December 1941 off Wake Is. by shore batteries NAGANAMI 1942 SUNK 11 November 1944 in Ormoc Bay by U.S. carrier planes
KISHINAMI 1943 SUNK 20 November 1944 in Luzon Strait by U.S. submarine (?) NAGATSUKI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 6 July 1943 in Kula Gulf, New Georgia by U.S. fleet units
KIYONAMI 1943 SUNK 20 July 1943 in Vella Gulf, New Georgia by U.S. Army and Navy plans NAMIKAZE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 HEAVILY DAMAGED 8 September 1944 in Kuriles; in Japan
KIYOSHIMO 1944 SUNK 26 December 1944 off Mindoro, P.I. by U.S. PT's and Army planes NARA 1945 HEAVILY DAMAGED 30 June 1945 in Shimonoseki Strait; in Japan
KURETAKE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 30 December 1944 in Luzon Strait by U.S. submarine NASHI 1945 SUNK 28 July 1945 at Kure
KURI Prior 7 Dec 1941 At Tsingtao NATSUGUMO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 11 October 1942 off Savo Is., Solomons by U.S. fleet units
KUROSHIO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 8 May 1943 in Blackett Strait, New Georgia by mine NATSUSHIO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 8 February 1942 off Makassar, Celeves by U.S. submarine
KUSUNOKI 1945 At Maizuru; not manned NATSUZUKI 1945 HEAVILY DAMAGED 16 June 1945 near Matsure; in Japan
KUWA 1944 SUNK 3 December 1944 in Ormoc Bay by U.S. destroyers NENOHI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 4 July 1942 off Agattu, Aleutians by U.S. submarine
MAIKAZE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 17 February 1944 N.W. of Truk by U.S. fleet units and carrier planes NIRE 1945 HEAVILY DAMAGED 22 June 1945 at Kure; in Japan
MAKI 1944 HEAVILY DAMAGED 9 December 1944 off Mejima Is. ; in Japan NIIZUKI 1943 SUNK 6 July 1943 in Kula Gulf, New Georgia by U.S. fleet units
MAKIGUMO 1942 SUNK 1 February 1943 off Guadalcanal Is. by mine PT boat, or aircraft NOKAZE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 20 February 1945 N.E. of Saigon by U.S. submarines
MAKINAMI 1942 SUNK 25 November 1943 N.W. of Buka Is., Solomons by U.S. destroyers NOWAKE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 25 October 1944 in Surigao Strait by U.S. fleet units
MATSU 1944 SUNK 4 August 1944 N.W. of Bonin Is. by U.S. fleet units NUMAKAZE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 18 December 1943 in E. China Sea by U.S. submarine
MATSUKAZE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 9 June 1944 E. of Bonin Is. by U.S. submarine OBORO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 12 August 1942 S. of Honshu by U.S. submarine
MICHISHIO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 25 October 1944 in Surigao Strait by U.S. destroyers ONIAMI Not commissioned  
MIKATSUKI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 28 July 1943 off Cape Gloucester, New Britain by B-25's OITE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 18 February 1944 at Truk by U.S. carrier planes
MINAZUKI Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 6 June 1944 S. of Sibutu passage, P.I. by U.S. submarine OKIKAZE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 10 January 1943 off Honshu by U.S. submarine
MINEGUMO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 6 March 1943 in Kula Gulf, New Georgia by U.S. fleet units OKINAMI 1944 SUNK 13 November 1944 in Manila Bay by U.S. carrier planes
MINEKAZE Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 10 February 1944 E. of Formosa by U.S. ONAMI 1943 SUNK 25 November 1943 N.W. of Buka Is., Solomons by U.S. destroyers
      OSHIO Prior 7 Dec. 1941 SUNK 20 February 1943 N. of Admiralty Is. by U.S. submarine
      OTAKE 1945 At Maizuru; not manned

[52] 


Ships            
Date Commissioned       Final Disposition               Ships               Date Commissioned    Final Disposition 
  DESTROYERS--continued    DESTROYERS--Continued 
OYASHIO  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 8 May 1943 in Blackett Strait, New Geirgia by mines and aircraft  TAKANAMI   1942  SUNK 30 November 1942 off Savo Is., Solomons by U.S. fleet units 
SAGIRI  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 24 December 1941 off Kuching, Borneo by Dutch submarine  TAKE   1944  In inland Sea 
SAKURA   1945  SUNK 11 July 1945 near Osaka  TAMANAMI   1943  SUNK 7 July 1944 S.W. of Manila by U.S. submarine 
SAMIDARE  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 26 August 1944 off Palau by U.S. carrier planes and submarine  TANIKAZE  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 9 June 1944 in Sibutu passage, P.I. by U.S. submarine 
SANAE  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 18 November 1943 in Celebves Sea by U.S. submarine  TERUTSUKI   1942  SUNK 12 December 1942 off New Georgia Is. by U.S. PT boats 
SATSUKI  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 21 September 1944 in Manila Bay US carrier planes  TOKITSUKAZE  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 3 March 193 in Huon Gulf, New Guinea by U.S. Army bombers 
SAWAKAZE  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  DECOMMISSIONED; in Japan  TSUBAKI   1945  HEAVILY DAMAGED 24 July 1945 near Okayama; in Japan 
SAZANAMI  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 14 January 1944 S.E. of Yap Is. by U.S. submarine  TSUGA  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 125 January 1945 off Pescadores Is. by U.S. 
SHI1   1945  Operational; in Japan area  TSUTA   1945  In inland Sea 
SHIGEZAKURA   1945  SUNK 18 July 1945 at Yokosuka by U.S. carrier planes  UME   1944  SUNK 31 January 1945 S.W. of Takao by B-25's 
SHIGURE  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 24 January 1945 N.W. of Borneo by U.S. submarine  UMIKAZE  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 1 February 1944 S.E. of Truk by U.S. submarine 
SHIKINAMI  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 12 September 1944 S. China Sea by U.S. submarine  URAKAZE  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 9 June 1944 in Sibutu passage, P.I. by U.S. Submarine 
SHIMAKAZE   1943  SUNK 11 November 1944 in Ormoc Bay by U.S. carrier planes  URANAMI  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 26 October 1944 S.W. of Masbate, P.I. by U.S. carrier planes 
SHIMOTSUKI   1944  SUNK 25 November 1944 W of Borneo by U.S. submarine  USHIO  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  HEAVILY DAMAGED 14 November 1944 at Manila; in Japan 
SHINONODOME  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 18 December 1941 off Miri, Borneo by mine  USGUMO   Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 7 July 1944 in Sea of Okhotsk by U.S. submarine 
SHIOKAZE  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  HEAVILY DAMAGED 31 January 1945 S. of Formosa; in Japan  UZUKI  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 11 December 1944 off Leyte by U.S. PT boats 
SHIRAKUMO  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 16 March 1944 S.E. of Hokkaido by U.S. submarine  WAKABA  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 24 October 1944 S. of Mindoro by U.S. carrier planes 
SHIRANUHI  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 27 October 1944 in P.I. by U.S. carrier planes  WAKATAKE  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 30 March 1944 at Palau by U.S. carrier planes 
SHIRATSUYU  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 20 June 1944 in Philippine Sea by U.S. carrier planes  WAKATSUKI   1943  SUNK 11 November 1944 in Ormoc Bay by U.S. carrier planes 
SHIRAYUKI  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 3 March 1943 Huon Gulf, New Guinea by U.S. Army bombers  YAKAZE  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  Converted to target ship; in Japan area 
SUGI  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  HEAVILY DAMAGED 21 January 1945 at Takao; in Japan  YAMAGUMO  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 25 October 1944 in Surigao Strait by U.S. destroyers 
SUMIRE   1945  At Mazuru; no manned  YAMAKAZE   Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 25 June 1942 off Yokohama by U.S. submarine 
SUZUKAZE  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 26 January 1944 N.W. of Ponape By U.S. submarine  YANAGI   1945  HEAVILY DAMAGED 15 July 1945 at Ominato by U.S. fleet units 
SUZUNAMI   1943  SUNK 11 November 1943 at Rabaul by U.S. carrier planes  YAYOI   Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 11 September 1942 off Normanby Is. by B-17's 
SUZUTSUKI   1942  HEAVILY DAMAGED 7 April 1945 S. Kyushu; decommissioned; in Japan  YOITSUKI   1945  HEAVILY DAMAGED 2 June 1945 N. of Himejima; in Japan 
TACHIBANA   1945  SUNK 15 July 1945 at Ominato by U.S. fleet units  YUDACHI  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 13 November 1942 off SAvo Is. Solomons by U.S. fleet units 
TACHIKAZE  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 17 February 1944 at Truk by U.S. carrier planes  YUGURI  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 25 November 1943 N.W. of Buka Is., Solomons by U.S. destroyers 

[53]

Ships                  Date Commissioned    Final Disposition               Ships                 Date Commissioned    Final Disposition 
  DESTROYERS--Concluded    SUBMARINES--Continued 
YUGUMO  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 6 October 1943 N.W. of Vella Lavella.  I-20  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 1 October 1943 N. of Kolombangara Is. by U.S. destroyer 
YUGURE  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 20 July 1943 in Vella Gulf, New Georgia by U.S. Navy bombers  I-21  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 5 February 1944 in S. Marshalls by U.S. destroyer escorts 
YUKAZE  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  Converted to target ship; in Japan  I-22  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 19 November 1942 off San Cristobal Is. by U.S. destroyer 
YUZUKI  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  HEAVILY DAMAGED 30 July 1945 at Miyazu' in Japan  I-23  Prior 7 Dec. 1945  SUNK 26 April 1942 off Johnston Is. by U.S. submarine 
  SUBMARINES  I-24  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 27 July 1945 S.W. of New Hanover by U.S. submarine 
I-1  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 29 January 1943 off Gadalcanal by New Zealand corvettes  I-25  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK October/November 1943 in Central Pacific 
I-2  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 7 April 1944 E. of Admiralty Is. by U.S. destroyer  I-26  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 25 October 1944 in Leyte Gulf by U.S. destroyer escort 
I-3  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 9 December 1942 off Guadacanal by U.S. PT boat  I-27  February 1942  SUNK 12 February 1944 S.W. of Maldive Is. by British destroyers 
I-4  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 21 December 1942 S. of Rabaul by U.S. submarine  I-28  February 1942  SUNK 17 May 1942 S. of Truk by U.S. submarine 
I-5  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 10 June 1944 N.W. of Bismarck Is. by U.S. destroyer  I-29  February 1942  SUNK 26 July 1944 in Luzon Strait by U.S. submarine 
I-6  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 4 July 1944 E. of Saipan by U.S. fleet units  I-30  March 1942  SUNK May/June 1942 in Western Pacific 
I-7  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 22 June 1943 off Kiska by U.S. destroyers  I-31  May 1942  SUNK 13 June 1943 N. of Kiska by U.S. destroyer 
I-8  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 31 March 1945 S.W. of Okinawa by U.S. destroyers  I-32  April 1942  SUNK 24 Mrch 1944 E. of Marshall Is. by U.S. fleet units 
I-9  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 10 June 1943 N.E. of Attu by U.S. patrol escort  I-33  June 1942  SUNK May/June 1942 in Western Pacific by accident 
I-10  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 18 July 1944 N. of Truk by U.S. destroyer escort  I-34  August 1942  SUNK 13 November 1943 in Malacca Straits by British submarine 
I-11  May 1942  SUNK 17 February 1944 E. of Marshall Is. by U.S. destroyer  I-35  August 1942  SUNK 23 November 1943 off Tarawa by U.S. destroyers 
I-12  May 1944  SUNK May 1945 in South Pacific  I-36  September 1942  In Japan 
I-13  December 1944  SUNK 16 July 1945 E. of Honshu by U.S. carrier aircraft  I-37  March 1943  SUNK 18 November 1944 E. of Samar by U.S. destroyer and carrier planes 
I-14  March 1945  Captured at sea 27 August 1945; in Japan; decommissioned  I-38  January 1943  SUNK 13 November 1944 N.E. of Oahu by U.S. fleet units 
I-15  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK October/November 1942 in South Pacific  I-39  April 1943  SUNK 24 December 1943 off Guadalcanal by U.S. destroyer 
I-16  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 19 May 1944 N.E. of Solomons by U.S. destroyer escort  I-40  July 1943  SUNK March/April 1944 in Central Pacific 
I-17  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 19 August 1943 off New Caledonia by Allied surface craft and planes  I-41  September 1943  SUNK 16 September 1944 E. Of Honshu by U.S. submarine 
I-18  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 25 December 1942 off Kumusi R., New Guinea by U.S. PT boat  I-42  November 1943  SUNK 23 March 1944 S.W. of Palau by U.S. submarine 
I-19  Prior 7 December 1941  SUNK 26 November 1943 W. of Makin Is. by U.S. destroyers  I-43  November 1943  SUNK 15 February 1944 N.W. of Truk by U.S. submarine 
      I-44   1944  SUNK 18 April E. of Okinawa by U.S. destroyers 
      I-45  December 1943  SUNK 29 October 1944 E. of Dinegrat Is. by U.S. destroyer escort 
      I-46  February 1944  SUNK December 1944 in Western Pacific 
      I-47  July 1944  Operational; in Japan area 

[54]

Ships           Date Commissioned        Final Disposition           Ships        Date Commissioned    Final Disposition 
  SUBMARINES--Continued    SUBMARINES--Continued 
I-48  September 1944  SUNK 23 January 1945 off Ulithi by U.S. desroyer escorts  I-176  July 1942  SUNK 17 May 1944 N.E. of Buka by U.S. destroyers 
I-49  May 1944  In Japan  I-177  December 1942  SUNK November 1944 in South Pacific 
I-52  December 1943  SUNK 24 June 1944 in Atlantic Ocean by U.S. carrier planes  I-178  December 1942  SUNK June 1943 in Central Pacific 
I-53  February 1944  HEAVILY DAMAGED 30 March 1945; in Japan  I-179  June 1943  SUNK February 1944 in South Pacific 
I-54  March 1944  SUNK 28 october 1944 E. of Leyte Gulf by U.S. destroyer  I-180  June 1943  SUNK 26 April 1944 off Kodiak, Alaska by U.S. destroyer 
I-55  April 1944  SUNK 27 July 1944 E. of Saipan by U.S. destroyer escort  I-181  May 1943  SUNK 16 January 1944 off St. George Channel, Bismarcks, by U.S. Navy planes 
I-56  June 1944  SUNK 5 April 1945 W. of Okinawa by U.S. destroyer  I-182  May 1943  SUNK 9 September 1943 in Surigao Strait by U.S. submarine 
I-58  September 1944  Operational; in Japan  I-183  October 1943  SUNK 29 April 1944 off Bungo Channel, Japan by U.S. submarine 
I-121  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  Operational; in Japan  I-184  October 1943  SUNK 21 June 1944 E. of Saipan by U.S. fleet units 
I-122  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 10 June 1945 in Japan Sea by U.S. submarine  I-185  September 1943  SUNK 17 June 1944 N.W. of Guam by U.S. destroyers 
I-123  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 29 August 1942 E. of Guadalcanal Is. by U.S. destroyers   I-201  February 1945  In Japan 
I-124  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 20 January 1942 off Port Darwin by Allied surface craft  I-202  February 1945  In Japan 
I-153  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  DECOMMISSIONED; in Japan  I-203  June 1945  In Japan 
I-154  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  DECOMMISSIONED; in Japan  I-351  January 1945   SUNK 15 July 1945 N.W. of Borneo by U.S. submarine 
I-155  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  DECOMMISSIONED; in Japan  I-361  May 1944  SUNK 30 May 1945 in Japanese waters 
I-156  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  In Japan  I-362  May 1944  SUNK 27 November 1944 in Camotes Sea by U.S. destroyers 
I-157  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  In Japan  I-363  July 1944  Operational; in Japan 
I-158  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  Operational; in Japan  I-364  June 1944  SUNK October 1944 in South Pacific 
I-159  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  Operational; in Japan  I-365  August 1944  SUNK 29 November 1944 S.E. of Tokyo Bay by U.S. submarine 
I-160(60)  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 17 January 1942 in Sunda Straits by British destroyer  I-366  August 1944  Operational; in Japan 
I-162  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  In Japan  I-367  August 1944  Operational; in Japan 
I-164  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 17 May 1942 S. of Kyushu by U.S. submarine  I-368  August 1944  SUNK 26 February 1945 S. of Iwo Jima by U.S. destroyer escort 
I-165  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  DECOMMISSIONED September 1945; in Japan  I-369  October 1944  DECOMMISSIONED September 1945; in Japan 
I-166   Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 17 July 1944 off Penang by British submarine  I-370  September 1944  SUNK 26 February 1945 N.W. of Iwo Jima by U.S. carrier planes 
I-168  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 3 September 1944 off New Hebrides by U.S. destroyer  I-371  October 1944  SUNK January 1945 in Truk area 
           
I-169  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 4 April 1944 at Truk  I-372  November 1944  SUNK 18 July 1945 at Yokosuka by carrier planes 
I-170(70)  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 10 December 1941 off Pearl Harbor by U.S. carrier plane  I-373  April 1945  SUNK 14 August 1945 in E. China Sea by U.S. submarine 
           
I-171  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 1 February 1944 W. of Buka by U.S. destroyer  I-400  December 1944  Captured at sea 27 August 1945; in Japan; decommissioned 
I-172  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK October/November 1942 in South Pacific  I-401  January 1945  Captured at sea 29 August 1945; in Japan; decommissioned 
I-173(73)  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 27 January 1942 off Midway by U.S. submarine  I-402  July 1945  DECOMMISSIONED September 1945; in Japan 
I-174  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 12 April 1944 N. of Truk by U.S. Navy bomber  I-501  July 1945  At Singapore 
I-174  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 30 April 1944 S. of Truk by U.S. destroyers  I-502  July 1945  At Singapore 
      I-503  July 1945  At Japan 
      I-504  July 1945  At Japan 
      I-505  July 1945  At Batavia 

[55]

Ships      Date Commissioned     Final Disposition               Ships     Date Commission           Final Disposition     
  SUBMARINES--Continued    SUBMARINES--Continued 
I-506  July 1945  At Surabaya  RO-65  Prior 7 Dec. 1945  SUNK 28 September 1942 at Kiska by B-24's 
RO-30  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK April 1942 in Western Pacific  RO-66  Prior 7 Dec. 1945  SUNK 17 December 1941 W. of Wake Is. by collision 
RO-31  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  DECOMMISSIONED during 1944; in Japan  RO-67  Prior 7 Dec. 1945  SUNK 4 April 1945 in Inland Sea by mine 
RO-34  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 7 April 1943 N.W. of San Cristobal Is. by U.S. destroyer  RO-68  Prior 7 Dec. 1945  DECOMMISSIONED September 1945; in Japan 
RO-35  March 1943  SUNK October 1943 in Solomons  RO-100  September 1942  SUNK 25 November 1943 off Bougainville Is. by U.S. fleet units 
RO-36  May 1943  SUNK 13 June 1944 E. of Saipan by U.S. destroyer  RO-101  October 1942  SUNK 1 July 1943 E. of Rendova Is., Solomons by U.S. destroyer 
RO-37  June 1943  SUNK 22 January 1944 E. of Solomons by U.S. destroyer  RO-102  November 1942  SUNK 4 April 1943 S. of Santa Isabel Is. by U.S. destroyer 
RO-38  July 1943  SUNK February/March 1944 in Central Pacific  RO-103  October 1942  SUNK 29 May 1943 off New Hebrides by U.S. patrol craft 
RO-39  September 1943  SUNK 3 February 1944 off Wotje, Marshalls by U.S. destroyer  RO-104  February 1943  SUK 23 May 1944 N. of Bismarck Is. by U.S. destroyer escort 
RO-40  June 1943  SUNK February/March 1944 in Central Pacific  RO-105  March 1943  SUNK31 May 1944 N. of Bismarck Is. by U.S. fleet units 
RO-41  November 1943  SUNK 31 March 1945 E. of Okinawa by U.S. destroyer  RO-106  December 1942  SUNK 22 May 1944 N. of Bismarck Is. by U.S. destroyer escort 
RO-42  August 1943  SUNK 10 June 1944 N.E. of Kwajalein by U.S. destroyer escort  RO-107  December 1942  SUNK May/June 1943 in South Pacific 
RO-43  December 1943  SUNK 14 February 1945 N.E. of Luzon by U.S. submarine  RO-108  April 1943  SUNK 26 May 1944 N. of Bismarck Is. by U.S. destroyer escort 
RO-44  September 1943  SUNK 16 June 1944 E. of Eniwetok by U.S. destroyer escort  RO-109  April 1943  SUNK 29 April 1945 S.E. of Okinawa by U.S. fleet units 
RO-45  January 1944  SUNK 20 April 1944 W. of Saopan by U.S. submarine  RO-110  July 1943  SUNK 11 February 1944 off Vizagapatam, India by Allied sloops 
RO-46  February 1944  SUNK 9 April 1943 S.E. of Okinawa by U.S. destroyers  RO-111  July 1943  SUNK 16 June 1944 off Truk by U.S. Navy PBY 
RO-47   January 1944  SUNK 23 March 1945 in Philippine Sea by U.S. destroyer  RO-112  September 1943  SUNK 11 February 1945 N. of Luzon by U.S. submarine 
RO-48  March 1944  SUNK 14 July 1944 W. of Saipan by U.S. fleet units  RO-113  October 1943  SUNK 13 February 1945 N. of Luzon by U.S. submarine 
RO-49             1944  SUNK 24 February 1945 off Bungo Channel, Japan by U.S. submarine  RO-114  November 1943  SUNK 16 June 1944 W. of Guam by U.S. destroyers 
RO-50  July 1944  Operational; in Japan  RO-115  November 1943  SUNK 10 February 1945 N. of Luzon by U.S. submarine 
RO-55  September 1944  SUNK 14 February 1945 N.E. of Luzon by U.S. submarine  RO-116  January 1944  SUNK 24 May 1944 N. of Bismarck Is. by U.S. destroyer escort 
RO-56  November 1944  SUNK May 1945 in Kuriles  RO-117  January 1944  SUNK 17 June 1944 N.W. of Truk by U.S. Navy PBY 
RO-57  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  DECOMMISSIONED  RO-500  September 1943  DECOMMISSIONED September 1945; in Japan 
RO-58  Prior 7 Dec, 1941  DECOMMISSIONED  RO-501  February 1944  SUNK 13 May 1944 in Atlantic Ocean by U.S. destroyer 
RO-59  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  DECOMMISSIONED  HA-101  November 1944  DECOMMISSIONED September 1945 
RO-60  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 29 December 1941 at Kwajalein by grounding  HA-102  December 1944  DECOMMISSIONED September 1945 
RO-61  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK 31 August 1942 in Aleutians by U.S. destroyer and plane  HA-103  February 1944  In Japan 
RO-62  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  DECOMMISSIONED September 1945; in Japan area  HA-104  December 1944  DECOMMISSIONED September 1945 
RO-63  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  DECOMMISSIONED September 1945; in Japan area  HA-105  FEbruary 1945  In Japan 
RO-64  Prior 7 Dec. 1941  SUNK May 1945 in Hiroshima Bay  HA-106  December 1944  DECOMMISSIONED September 1945 

[56]


Ships   
Date Commissioned        Final Disposition             Ships       Date Commissioned        Final Disposition     
  SUBMARINES--Continued    SUBMARINES--Concluded 
HA-107  February 1945  In Japan  HA-205  July 1945  In Japan 
HA-108  May 1945  In Japan  HA-207  August 1945  In Japan 
HA-109  March 1945  In Japan  HA-208  August 1945  In Japan 
HA-111  July 1945  In Japan  HA-209  August 1945  In Japan 
HA-201  May 1945  In Japan  HA-210  August 1945  In Japan 
HA-202  May 1945  In Japan  HA-215  Not commissioned  In Japan 
HA-203  June 1945  DECOMMISSIONED September 1945  HA-216  August 1945  In Japan 
HA-204  June 1945  DECOMMISSIONED September 1945  HA-217  June 1945  In Japan 
      HA-218  July 1945  In Japan 

APPENDIX B

Major combatant ships added to United States Fleet 7 December 1941-1 October 1945


Type & No.        
Name         Date Commissioned   Total    Remarks   Type & No.          Name        Date Commissioned    Total    Remarks 
    BATTLESHIPS        LIGHT CRUISERS--Concluded   
BB    57  SOUTH DAKOTA  20 March 1942      CL  67  TOPEKA  28 DEc. 1944     
        58  INDIANA  30 April 1942            80  BILOXI  31 Aug. 1943     
        59  MASSACHUSETTS  12 May 1942            81  HOUSTON  20 Dec. 1943     
        60  ALABAMA  16 Aug 1942            82  PROVIDENCE  15 May 1945     
        61  IOWA  22 Feb. 1943            86  VICKSBURG  12 June 1944     
        62  NEW JERSEY  23 May 1943            87  DULUTH  18 Sept. 1944     
        63  MISSOURI  11 June 1944            89  MIAMI  18 Sept. 1944     
        64  WISCONSIN  16 April 1944            90  ASTORIA  17 May 1944     
           8          91  OKLAHOMA CITY  17 May 1944     
  HEAVY CRUISERS            92  LITTLE ROCK  17 June 1945     
CA    68  BALTIMORE  15 April 1943            93  OAKLAND  17 July 1943     
        69  BOSTON  30 June 1943            96  RENO  28 Dec 1943     
        70  CANBERRA  14 Oct. 1943            97  FLINT  31 Aug 1944     
        71  QUINCY  15 Dec. 1943            98  TUCSON  3 Feb. 1945     
        72  PITTSBURGH  10 Oct. 1944          101  AMSTERDAM  8 Jan. 1945     
        73  SAINT PAUL  17 Feb. 1945          102  PORTSMOUTH  25 June 1945     
        74  COLUMBUS  8 June 1945          103  WILKES-BARRE  1 July 1944     
        75  HELENA  4 Sept. 1945          104  ATLANTA  2 Dec. 1944     
      130  BREMERTON  29 April 1945          105  DAYTON  7 Jan. 1945     
      131  FALL RIVER  1 July 1945                  33   
      132  MACON  26 Aug. 1945        AIRCRAFT CARRIERS     
      135  LOS ANGELES  22 July 1945      CV    9  ESSEX  31 Dec. 1942     
      136  CHICAGO  10 Jan. 1945            10  YORKTOWN       
      13         11  INTREPID  16 Aug. 1943     
  LARGE CRUISERS           12  HORNET  29 Nov. 1943     
CB     51  ALASKA  24 De. 1941           13  FRANKLIN  31 Jan. 1944     
          2  GUAM  17 Sept 1944           14  TICONDEROGA  8 May 1944     
       2         15  RANDOLPH  9 Oct. 1944     
  LIGHT CRUISERS           16  LEXINGTON  17 Feb. 1943     
CL     51  ATLANTA  24 Dec. 1941    SUNK       17  BUNKER HILL  25 May 1943     
         52  JUNEAU  14 Feb. 1942    SUNK       18  WASP  24 Nov. 1943     
         53  SAN DIEGO  10 Jan 1942           19  HANCOCK  15 April 1944     
         54  SAN JUAN  28 Feb. 1942           20  BENNINGTON  6 Aug. 1944     
         55  CLEVELAND  15 June 1942           21  BOXER  16 April 1945     
         56  COLUMBUS  29 July 1942           31  BON HOMME RICHARD  26 Nov. 1944     
         57  MONTPELIER  9 Sept. 1942           36  ANTIETAM  28 Jan. 1945     
         58  DENVER  15 Oct. 1942           38  SHANGRI-LA  15 Sept. 1944     
         60  SANTA FE  24 Nov. 1942           39  LAKE CHAMPLAIN  3 June 1945     
         62  BIRMINGHAM  29 Jan. 1943            17   
         63  MOBILE  24 March 1943        LARGE AIRCRAFT CARRIERS     
         64  VINCENNES  21 Jan. 1944      CVB 41          MIDWAY  10 Sept.1945     
         65  PASADENA  8 June 1944             
         66  SPRINGFIELD  9 Sept. 1944               

 

[57]


Type & No.      
Name               Date Commissioned   Total    Remarks  Type & No.         Name               Date Commissioned  Total    Remarks 
  LIGHT AIRCRAFT CARRIERS        ESCORT AIRCRAFT CARRIERS--Concluded     
CVL 22  INDEPENDENCE  14 Jan. 1943      CVE 65  WAKE ISLAND  7 Nov. 1943     
      23  PRINCETON  25 Feb. 1943    Sunk         66  WHITE PLAINS  15 Nov. 1943     
      24  BELLEAU WOOD  31 March 1943             67  SOLOMONS  21 Nov. 1943     
      25  COWPENS  28 May 1943             68  KALININ BAY  27 Nov. 1943     
      26  MONTEREY  17 June 1943             69  KASAAN BAY  4 Dec. 1943     
      27  LANGLEY  31 Aug. 1943             70  FANSHAW BAY  9 Dec. 1943     
      28  CABOT  24 July 1943             71  KIKUN BAY  15 Dec. 1943     
      29  BATAAN  17 Nov. 1943             72  TULAGI  21 Dec. 1943     
      30  SAN JACINTO  15 Dec. 1943            73  GAMBIER BAY  28 Dec. 1943    Sunk 
              74  NEHENTA BAY  3 Jan. 1944     
  ESCORT AIRCRAFT CARRIERS            75  HOGGATT BAY  11 Jan. 1944     
CVE  6  BATTLER      To U.K. 10-31-42        76  KADASHAN BAY  11 Jan. 1944     
        7  ATTACKER      To U.K. 9-30-42         77  MARCUS ISLAND  26 Jan. 1944     
        8  HUNTER      To U.K. 1-9-43         78  SAVO ISLAND  3 Feb.1944     
        9  BOGUE  26 Sept. 1942             79  OMMANEY BAY  11 Feb. 1944    Sunk 
       10  CHASER      To U.K. 4-9-43         80  PETROF BAY  18 Feb. 1944     
       11  CARD  8 Nov. 1942             81  RUDYERD BAY  25 Feb. 1944     
       12  COPAHEE  15 June 1942             82  SAGINW BAY  2 March 1944     
       13  CORE  10 Dec. 1942             83  SARGENT BAY  9 March 1944     
       14  FENCER      To U.K. 3-1-43         84  SHAMROCK BAY  15 March 194     
       15  STALKER      To U.K. 12-21-42         85  SHIPLEY BAY  21 March 1944     
       16  NASSAU  20 Aug. 1942             86  SITKOH BAY  28 March 1944     
       17  PURSUER      To U.K. 6-14-43         87  STEAMER BAY  4 April 1944     
      18  ALTAMAHA  15 Sept. 1942             88  CAPE ESPERANCE  9 April 1944     
      19  STRIKER      To U.K. 4-28-43         89  TAKANIS BAY  15 April 1944     
      20  BARNES  20 Feb. 1943             90  THETIS BAY  21 April 1944     
      21  BLOCK ISLAND  8 March 1943    Sunk         91  MAKASSAR STRAIT  27 April 1944     
      22  SEARCHER      To U.K. 4-7-43         92  WINDHAM BAY  3 May 1944     
      23  BRETON  12 April 1943             93  MAKIN ISLAND  9 May 1944     
      24  RAVAGER      To U.K.4-25-43         94  LUNGA POINT  14 May 1944     
      25  CROATAN  28 April1943             95  BISMARCK SEA  20 May 1944    Sunk 
     26  SANGAMON  25 Aug. 1942    ex-AO 28         96  SALAMAUA  26 May 1944     
     27  SUWANEE  24 Sept. 1942    ex-AO 33         97  HOLLANDIA  1 June 1944     
     28  CHENANGO  19 Sept. 1942    ex-AO 31         98  KWAJALEIN  7 June 1944     
     29  SANTEE  24 Aug. 1942    ex-AO 29         99  ADMIRALTY ISLAND  13 June 1944     
     30  CHARGER  3 March 1942    ex-BAVG 4       100  BOUGAINVILLE  18 June 1944     
     31  PRINCE WILLIAM  9 April 1943           101  MATANIKAN  24 June 1944     
     32  SLINGER      To U.K. 8-11-43       102  ATTU  30 June 1944     
     33  ATHELING      To U.K. 7-31-43      103  ROI  6 July 1944     
     34  EMPEROR      To. U.K. 8-6-43      104  MUNDA  8 July 1944     
     35  AMEER      To U.K. 7-19-43      105  COMMENCEMENT BAY  27 Nov. 1944     
     36  BEGUM      To U.K. 8-2-43      106  BLOCK ISLAND  30 Dec. 1944     
     37  TRUMPETER      To U.K. 8-4-43      107  GILBERT ISLANDS  5 Feb. 1945     
     38  EMPRESS      To U.K. 8-13-43      108  KULA GULF  12 May 1945     
     39  KHEDIVE      To U.K. 8-25-43      109  CAPE GLOUCESTER  5 March 1945     
     40  SPEAKER      To U.K. 11-20-43      110  SALERNO BAY  19 May 1945     
      41  NABOS      To U.K. 9-7-43      111  VELLA GULF  9 April 1945     
      42  PREMIER      To U.K. 11-3-43      112  SIBONEY  14 May 1945     
      43  SHAH      To U.K. 9-27-43       113  PUGET SOUND  18 June 1945     
      44  PATROLLER      To U.K. 10-22-43       115  BAIROKO  16 July 1945     
      45  RAJAH      To U.K. 1-17-44       117  SAIDOR  4 Sept. 1945     
      46  RANEE      To U.K. 11-8-43        110  (33 Leased) 
       47  TROUNCER      To U.K. 1-31-44  BAVG 2  AVENGER      To U.K. 3-2-42 
       48  THANE      To U.K. 11-19-43           3  BITER      To U.K. 5-6-42 
       49  QUEEN      To U.K. 12-7-43           5  DASHER      To U.K. 7-2-42 
       50  RULER      To U.K. 12-22-43           6  TRACKER      To U.K. 1-31-43 
       51  ARBITER      To U.K. 12-31-43          4  (4 Leased) 
       52  SMITER      TO U.K. 1-20-44           
       53  PUNCHER      To U.K. 2-5-44    DESTROYERS     
       54  REAPER      To U.K. 2-18-44  DD 445  FLETCHER  30 June 1942     
       55  CASABLANCA  8 July 1943           446  RADFORD  22 July 1942     
       56  LISCOME BAY  7 Aug. 1943           447  JENKINS  31 July 1942     
      57  ANZIO  27 Aug. 1943           448  LA VALLETTE  12 Aug. 1942     
      58  CORREGIDOR  31 Aug. 1943               
      59  MISSION BAY  13 Sept. 1943               
      60  GUADALCANAL  25 Sept. 1943               
      61  MANILA BAY  5 Oct. 1943               
      62  NATOMA BAY  14 Oct. 1943               
      63  ST. LO  23 Oct. 1943    Sunk           
      64  TRIPOLI  31 Oct. 1943               

 

[58]


Type & No.     
Name                       Date Commission   Total    Remarks  Type & No.         Name             Date Commissioned  Total  Remarks 
  DESTROYERS--Continued        DESTROYERS--Continued     
DD 449  NICHOLAS  4 June 1942      DD 536  OWEN  20 Sept. 1943     
     450  O'BANNON  26 June 1942           537  THE SULLIVANS  20 Sept. 1943     
     451  CHEVALIER  20 July 1942           538  STEPHEN POTTER  21 Oct. 1943     
                   
     455  HAMBLETON  22 Dec. 1941    Sunk      539   TINGEY  25 Nov. 1943     
     456  RODMAN  27 Jan. 1942    Now DMS 20      540  TWINING  1 Dec. 1943     
     458  MACOMB  26 Jan. 1942    Now DMS 21      541  YARNELL  30 Dec. 1943     
     459  LAFFEY  31 March 1942    Sunk       544  BOYD  8 May 1943     
     460  WOODWORTH  30 April 1942           545  BRADFORD  12 June 1943     
     461  FORREST  13 Jan. 1942    Now DMS 24       546  BROWN  10 July 1943     
     462  FITCH  3 Feb. 1942    Now DMS 25       547  COWELL  23 Aug 1943     
     463  CORRY  18 Dec. 1941    Sunk       550  CAPPS  23 June1943     
     464  HOBSON  22 Jan 1942    Now DMS 26       551  DAVID W. TAYLOR  18 Sept. 1943     
     465  SAUFLEY  29 Aug. 1942           552  EVANS  11 Dec. 1943     
     466  WALLER  1 Oct. 1942           553  JOHN D. HENLEY  2 Feb. 1944     
     467  STRONG  7 Aug. 1942    Sunk       554  FRANK  30 July 1943     
     468  TAYLOR  28 Aug. 1942           555  HAGGARD  31 Aug. 1943     
     469  DE HAVEN  21 Sept. 1942    Sunk       556  HAILEY  30 Sept. 1943     
     470  BACHE  14 Nov. 1942           557  JOHNSTON  27 Oct. 1943    Sunk 
     471  BEALE  23 Dec.1942           558  LAWS  18 Nov. 1943     
     472  GUEST  15 Dec. 1942           559  LONGSHAW  4 Dec. 1943    Sunk 
     473  BENNETT  9 Feb. 1943           560  MORRISON  18 Dec. 1943    Sunk 
     474  FULLAM  2 March 1943           561  PRICKETT  15 Jan.1944     
     475  HUDSON  13 April 1943           562  ROBINSON  31 Jan. 1944     
     476  HUTCHINS  17 Nov. 1942           563  ROSS  21 FEb. 1944     
     477  PRINGLE  15 Sept. 1942    Sunk       564  ROWE  13 March 1944     
    478  STANLY  15 Oct. 1942           565  SMALLEY  31 March 1944     
    479  STEVENS  1 Feb. 1943           566  STODDARD  15 April 1944     
    480  HALFORD  10 April 1943           567  WATTS  29 April 1944     
    481  LEUTZE  4 March 1944          568  WREN  20 May 1944     
    483  AARON WARD  4 March 1942    Sunk      569  AULICK  27 Oct. 1942     
    484  BUCHANAN  21 March 1942          570  CHARLES AUSBURNE  24 Nov. 1942     
    485  DUNCAN  16 April 1942    Sunk      571  CLAXTON  8 Dec. 1942     
    486  LANSDOWNE  29 April 1942          572  DYSON  30 Dec. 1942     
    487  LARDNER  13 May 1942          573  HARRISON  25 Jan. 1943     
    488  McCALLA  27 May 1942          574  JOHN RODGERS  9 FEb. 1943     
    489  MERVINE  17 June 1942    Now DMS 31      575  McKEE  31 March 1943     
    490  QUICK  3 July 1942    Now DMS 32      576  MURRAY  20 April 1943     
    491  FARENHOLT  2 April 1942          577  SPROSTON  19 May 1943     
    492  BAILEY  11 May 1942          578  WICKES  16 June 1943     
    493  CARMICK  28 Dec. 1942    Now DMS 33       579  WILLIAM D. PORTER  6 July 1943    Sunk 
    494  DOYLE  27 Jan. 1943    Now DMS 34       580  YOUNG  31 July 1943     
    495  ENDICOTT  25 Feb, 1943    Now DMS 35       581  CHARRETTE  18 May 1943     
    496  McCOOK  15 March 1943    Now DMS 36       582  CONNER  8 June 1943     
    497  FRANKFORD  31 March 1943           583  HALL  6 July 1943     
    498  PHILIP  21 Nov. 1942           584  HALLIGAN  19 Aug. 1943    Sunk 
    499  RENSHAW  5 Dec. 1942           585  HARADEN  16 Sept. 1943     
    500  RINGGOLD  24 Dec. 1942           586  NEWCOMB  10 Nov. 1943     
    501  SCHROEDER  1 Jan. 1943           587  BELL  4 March 1943     
    502  SIGSBEE  23 Jan. 1943           588  BURNS  3 April 1943     
    507  CONWAY  9 Oct. 1942           589  IZARD  15 May 1943     
    508  CONY  30 Oct. 1942           590  PAUL HAMILTON  25 Oct. 1943     
    509  CONVERSE  20 Nov. 1942           591  TWIGGS  4 Nov. 1943    Sunk 
    510  EATON  4 Dec. 1942           592  HOWORTH  3 April 1944     
     511  FOOTE  22 Dec. 1942           593  KILLEN  4 May 1944     
     512  SPENCE  8 Jan. 1943    Sunk       594  HART  4 Nov. 1944     
     513  TERRY  26 Jan. 1943           595  METCALF  18 Nov. 1944     
     514  THATCHER  10 Feb. 1943          596  SHIELDS  8 Feb. 1945     
     515  ANTHONY  26 FEb. 1943          597  WILEY  22 Feb. 1945     
     516  WADSWORTH  16 March 1943          598  BANCROFT  30 April 1942     
     517  WALKER  3 April 1943          599  BARTON  29 May 1942    Sunk 
     518  BROWNSON  3 Feb. 1943    Sunk      600  BOYLE  15 Aug. 1942     
     519  DALY  10 March 1943          601  CHAMPLIN  12 Sept. 1942     
     520  ISHERWOOD  12 April 1943          602  MEADE  22 June 1942     
     521  KIMBERLY  24 May 1943          603  MURPHY  27 July 1942     
     522  LUCE  21 June 1943          604  PARKER  31 Aug. 1942     
     526  ABNER READ  5 Feb. 1943    Sunk      605  CALDWELL  10 June 1942     
     527  AMMEN  12 March 1943          606  COGHLAN  10 July 1942     
     528  MULLANY  23 April 1943          607  FRAZIER  30 July 1942     
     529  BUSH  10 May 1943                   
     530     TRATHEN  28 May 1943               
     531  HAZELWOOD  18 June 1943               
      532   HEERMAN  6 July 1943               
      533  HOEL  29 July 1943               
      534  McCORD  19 Aug. 1943               
      535  MILLER  31 Aug. 1943               

[59]

Type & No. Name             Date Commissioned Total Remarks Type & No. Name         Date Commissioned Total Remarks
DD 608 GANSEVOORT 25 Aug. 1942     DD   681 HOPEWELL 30 Sept. 1943    
       609 GILLESPIE 18 Sept. 1942          682 PORTERFIELD 30 Oct. 1943    
 610 HOBBY 18 Nov. 1942      683 STOCKHAM 11 Feb. 1944    
 611 KALK 17 Oct. 1942      684 WEDDERBURN 9 March 1944    
 612 KENDRICK 12 Sept. 1942      685 PICKING 21 Sept. 1943    
 613 LAUB 24 Oct. 1942      686 HALSEY POWELL 25 Oct. 1943    
 614 MAC KENZIE 21 Nov. 1942      687 UHLMANN 22 Nov. 1943    
 615 Mc LANAHAN 19 Dec. 1942      688 REMEY 30 Sept. 1943    
 616 NIELDS 15 Jan. 1943      689 WADLEIGH 19 Oct. 1943    
 617 ORDRONAUX 13 Feb. 1943      690  NORMAN SCOTT 5 Nov. 1943    
 618 DAVISON 11 Sept. 1942   Now DMS 37 691 MERTZ 19 Nov. 1943    
 619 EDWARDS 18 Sept. 1942      692 ALLEN M. SUMNER 26 Jan. 1944    
 620 GLENNON 8 Oct. 1942   Sunk  693 MOALE 28 Feb. 1944    
 621 JEFFERS 5 Nov. 1942   Now DMS 24   694 INGRAHAM 10 March 1944    
 622 MADDOX 31 Oct. 1942   Sunk  695 COOPER 27 March 1944   Sunk
 623 NELSON 26 Nov. 1942      696 ENGLISH 4 May 1944    
 624 BALDWIN 30 April 1943      697 CHARLES S. SPERRY 17 May 1944    
 625 HARDING 25 May 1943   Now DMS 28  698 AULT 31 May 1944    
 626 SATTERLEE 1 July 1943      699 WALDRON 8 June 1944    
 627 THOMPSON 10 July 1943   Now DMS 38  700 HAYNSWORTH 22 June 1944    
 628 WELLES 16 Aug. 1943      701 JOHN W. WEEKS 21 July 1944    
 629 ABBOT 23 April 1943      702 HONK 28 Aug. 1944    
 630 BRAINE 11 May 1943      703 WALLACE L. LIND 8 Sept. 1944    
 631 ERBEN 28 May 1943      704 BORIE 21 Sept. 1944    
 632 COWIE 1 June 1942   Now DMS 39  705 COMPTON 4 Nov. 1944    
 633 KNIGHT 23 June 1942   Now DMS 40  706 GAINORD 23 Nov. 1944    
 634 DORAN 4 Aug. 1942   Now DMS 41  707 SOLEY 7 Dec. 1944    
 635 EARLE 1 Sept. 1942   Now DMS 42  708 HARLAN R. DICKSON 17 Feb. 1945    
 636 BUTLER 15 Aug.1942   Now DMS 29  709 HUGH PURVIS 1 March 1945    
 637 GHERARDI 15 Sept. 1942   Now DMS 30  710 GEARING 3 May 1945    
 638 HERNDON 20 Dec. 1942      711 EUGENE A. GREENE 8 June 1945    
 639 SHUBRICK 7 Feb. 1943      712 GYATT 2 July 1945    
 640 BEATTY 7 May 1942   Sunk  713 KENNETH D. BAILEY 31 July 1945    
 641 TILLMAN 4 June 1942      714 WILLIAM R. RUSH 19 Sept. 1945    
 642 HALE 15 June 1943      722 BARTON 30 Dec. 1943    
 643 SIGOURNEY 29 June 1943      723 WALKE 21 Jan. 1944    
 644 STEMBEL 16 July 1943      724 LAFFEY 8 Feb. 1944    
 645 STEVENSON 15 Dec. 1942      725 O'BRIEN 25 Feb. 1944    
 646 STOCKTON 11 Jan. 1943      726 MEREDITH 14 March 1944   Sunk
 647 THORN 1 April 1943      727 DE HAVEN 31 March 1944    
 648 TURNER 15 April 1943   Sunk  728 MANSFIELD 14 April 1944    
 649 A.W. GRANT 24 Nov. 1943      729 L.K. SWENSON 2 May 1944    
 650 CAPERTON 30 July 1943      730 COLLETT 16 May 1944    
 651 COGSWELL 17 Aug. 1943      731 MADDOX 2 June 1944    
 652 INGERSOLL 31 Aug. 1943      732 HYMAN 16 June 1944    
 653 KNAPP 16 Sept. 1943      733 MANNER L. ABELE 4 July 1944   Sunk
 654 BEARSS 12 April 1944      734 PURDY 18 July 1944    
 655 JOHN HOOD 7 June 1944      741 DREXLER 14 Nov. 1944   Sunk
 656 VAN VALKENBURGH 2 Aug. 1944      742 FRANK KNOX  11 Dec. 1944    
 657 BADGER 23 July 1943      743 SOUTHERLAND 22 Dec. 1944    
 658 COLAHAN 23 Aug. 1943      744 BLUE 20 March 1944    
 659 DASHELL 20 March 1943      745 BRUSH 17 April 1944    
 660 BULLARD 9 April 1943      746 TAUSSIG 20 May 1944    
 661 KIDD 23 April 1943      747 SAMUEL N. MOORE 24 June 1944    
 662 BENNION 14 Dec. 1943      748 HARRY HUBBARD 22 July 1944    
 663 H.L. EDWARDS 26 Jan. 1944      752 ALFRED F. CUNNINGHAM  23 Nov. 1944    
 664 R.P. LEARY 23 Feb. 1944      753 JOHN R. PIERCE 29 Dec. 1944    
 665 BRYANT 4 Dec. 1943      754 FRANK E. EVANS 3 Feb. 1945    
 666 BLACK 21 May 1943      755 JOHN A. BOLE 3 March 1945    
 667 CHAUNCEY 31 May 1943              
 668 C.K. BRONSON 11 June 1943              
 669 COTTON 24 July 1943              
 670 DORTCH 7 Aug. 1943              
 671 GATLING 19 Aug. 1943              
 672 HEALY 3 Sept. 1943              
 673 HICKOX 10 Sept. 1943              
 674 HUNT 22 Sept. 1943              
675 LEWIS HANCOCK 29 Sept. 1943              
 676 MARSHALL 16 Oct. 1943              
 677 McDERMUT 19 Nov. 1943              
 678 McGOWAN 20 Dec. 1943              
 679 McNAIR 30 Dec. 1943              
 680 MELVIN 24 Nov. 1943              

[60]

Type & No.  Name Date Commissioned Total Remarks Type & No.                                                                                                Name Date Commissioned Total Remarks
    DESTROYERS--Continued     DESTROYERS--Concluded    
DD 756 BEATTY 31 March 1944     DD 876 ROGERS 26 March 1945    
      757 PUTNAM 12 Oct. 1944           877 PERKINS 5 April 1945    
      758 STRONG 8 March 1945           878 VESOLE 23 April 1945    
      759 LOFBERG 26 April 1945           879 LEARY 7 May 1945    
      770 LOURY 23 July 1944           880 DYESS 21 May 1945    
      774 HUGH W. HADLEY 25 Nov.1944           881 BORDELON 5 June 1945    
      775 WILLARD KEITH 27 Dec. 1944           882 FURSE 10 July 1945    
      776 JAMES C. OWENS 17 FEb. 1945           883 NEWMAN K. Perry 26 July 1945    
      777 ZELLARS 25 Oct. 1944           884 FLOYD B. PARKS 31 July 1945    
      778 MASSEY 24 Nov. 1944           885 JOHN R. CRAIG 20 Aug. 1945    
      779 DOUGLAS H. FOX 26 Dec. 1944           886 ORLECK 6 Sept. 1945    
      780 STORMES 27 Jan. 1945           887 BRINKLEY BOSS 14 Sept. 1945    
      781 ROBERT K. HUNTINGTON 3 March 1945           888 STICKELL 26 Sept. 1945    
      782 ROWAN 31 March 1945               352  
      783 GURKE 12 May 1945       LIGHT MINE LAYERS    
      784 Mc KEAN 9 June 1945    

DM 

23

ROBERT H. SMITH 4 Aug. 1944   ex-DD735
      785 HENDERSON 4 Aug. 1945            24 THOMAS E. FRASER 22 Aug. 1944   ex-DD736
      786 RICHARD B. ANDERSON 28 Sept. 1945            25 SHANNON 8 Sept. 1944   ex-DD737
      792 CALLAGHAN 27 Nov. 1943   Sunk        26 HARRY E. BAUER 22 Sept. 1944   ex-DD738
      793 CASSIN YOUNG 31 Dec. 1943            27 ADAMS 10 Oct. 1944   ex-DD739
      794 IRWIN 14 Feb. 1944            28 TOLMAN 27 Oct. 1944   ex-DD740
      795 PRESTON 20 March 1944            29 HENRY A. WILEY 31 Aug. 1944   ex-DD749
      796 BENHAM 20 Dec. 1943            30 SHEA 30 Sept. 1944   ex-DD750
      797 CUSHING 17 Jan. 1944            31 J. WILLIAM DITTER 28 Oct. 1944   ex-DD751
      798 MONSSEN 12 Feb. 1944            32 LINDSEY 20 Aug. 1944   ex-DD771
      799 JARVIS 3 June 1944            33 GWIN 30 Sept. 1944   ex-DD772
      800 PORTER 24 June 1944            34 AARON WARD 28 Oct. 1944   ex-DD773
      801 COLHOUN 8 July 1944   Sunk       12  
      802 GREGORY 29 July 1944       DESTROYER ESCORTS    
      803 LITTLE 19 Agu. 1944   Sunk BDE  1 BAYNTUN     To U.K. 2-13-43
      804 ROOKS 2 Sept. 1944             2 BAZELY     To U.K. 2-18-43
      805 CHEVALIER 9 Jan. 1945             3 BERRY     To U.K. 3-15-43
      806 HIGBEE 17 Jan. 1945             4 BLACKWOOD     To U.K. 3-27-43
      807 BENNER 13 Feb. 1945           12 BURGES     To U.K. 6-2-43
      808 DENNIS J. BUCKLEY 2 Marcxh 1945           46 DRURY     To U.K. 4-12-43
829 MYLES C. FOX 20 March 1945           6 (6Leased)
830 EVERETT F. LARSON 6 April 1945       DESTROYER ESCORTS    
831 GOODRICH 24 April 1945     DE    5 EVARTS 15 April 1943    
832 HANSEN 11 May 1945             6 WYFFELS 21 April 1943    
833 HERBERT J. THOMAS 29 May 1945             7 GRISWOLD 28 April 1943    
834 TURNER 12 June 1945             8 STEELE 4 May 1943    
835 CHARLES P. CECIL 29 June 1945             9 CARLSON 10 May 1943    
836 GEORGE K. MAC KENZIE 13 July 1945           10 BEBAS 15 May 1943    
837 SARSFIELD 31 July 1945           11 CROUTER 25 May 1943    
838 ERNEST G. SMALL 21 June 1945           13 BRENNON 20 Jan. 1943    
839 POWER 13 Sept. 1945           14 DOHERTY 6 Feb. 1943    
857 BRISTOL 17 March 1945           15 AUSTIN 13 Feb. 1943    
858 FRED T. BERRY 12 May 1945           16 EDGAR G. CHASE 20 March 1943    
859 MORRIS 9 June 1945           17 EDWARD C. DALY 3 APRIL 1943    
860 McCAFFERY 26 July 1945           18 GILMORE 17 April 1943    
861 HARWOOD 29 Sept. 1945           19 BURDEN R. HASTINGS 1 May 1943    
862 VOGELGESANG 28 April 1945     20 LE HARDY 15 May 1943    
863 STEINAKER 26 May 1945     21 HAROLD C. THOMAS 31 May 1943    
864 HAROLD J. ELLISON 23 June 1945     22 WILEMAN 11 June 1943    
865 CHARLES R. WARE 21 July 1945     23 CHARLES ROGER GREER 25 June 1943    
866 CONE 17 Aug. 1945     24 WHITMAN 3 July 1943    
867 STRIBLING 28 Sept. 1945     25 WINTLE 10 July 1943    
873 HAWKINS 10 Feb. 1945              
874 DUNCAN 25 May 1945              
875 HENRY W. TUCKER 12 March 1945              

[61]

Type & No. Name      Date Commissioned Total Remarks Type & No. Name    Date Commissioned Totlal Remarks
  DESTROYERS ESCORTS--Continued       DESTROYERS ESCORTS--Continued    

DE 

26

DEMPSEY 24 July 1943     DE  98 SEYMOUR     To U.K. 12=23-43
27 DUFFY 5 Aug. 1943           99 CANNON 26 Sept. 1943   To Brazil 12-19-44
28 EMERY 14 Aug. 1943     100 CHRISTOPHER 23 Oct. 1943   To Brazil 12-19-44
29 STADTFELD 26 Aug. 1943     101 ALGER 12 Nov. 1943   To Brazil 3-10-45
30 MARTIN 4 Sept. 1943     102 THOMAS 21 Nov. 1943    
31 SEDERSTROM 11 Sept. 1943     103 BOSTWICK 1 Dec. 1943    
32 FLEMING 18 Sept. 1943     104 BREEMAN 12 Dec. 1943    
33 TISDALE 11 Oct. 1943     105 BURROWS 19 Dec. 1943    
34 EISELE 18 Oct. 1943     106 SENEGALAIS     To French 1-2-44
35 FAIR 23 Oct. 1943     107 ALGERIEN     To French 1-23-44
36 MANLOVE 8 Nov. 1943     108 TUNISIEN     To French 2-11-44
37 GREINER 18 Aug. 1943     109 MAROCAIN     To French 2-29-44
38 WYMAN 1 Sept. 1943     110 HOVA     To French 3-18-44
39 LOVERING 17 Sept. 1943     111 SOMALI     To French 4-9-44
40 SANDERS 1 Oct. 1943     112 CARTER 2 May 1944    
41 BRACKETT 18 Oct. 1943     113 CLARENCE L. EVANS 25 June 1944    
42 REYNOLDS 1 Nov. 1943     129 EDSALL 10 April 1943    
43 MITCHELL 7 Nov. 1943     130 JACOB JONES 29 April 1943    
44 DONALDSON 1 Dec. 1943     131 HAMMANN 17 May 1943    
45 ANDRES 15 March 1944     132 ROBERT E. PEARY 31 May 1943    
47 DECKER 3 May 1943     133 PILLSBURY 7 June 1943    
48 DOBLER 17 May 1943     134 POPE 25 June 1943    
49 DONEFF 10 June 1943     135 FLAHERTY 26 June 1943    
50 ENGSTROM 21 June 1943     136 FREDERICK C. DAVIS 14 July 1943   Sunk
51 BUCKLEY 30 April 1943     137 HERBERT C. JONES 21 July 1943    
52 BENTINCK     To U.K. 5-19-43          
53 CHARLES LAWRENCE 31 May 1943   Now APD37 138 DOUGLAS L. HOWARD 29 July 1943    
54 DANIEL T. GRIFFIN 9 June 1943   Now APD38 139 FARQUHAR 5 Aug. 1943    
55 BYARD     To U.K. 6-18-43 140 J.R.Y. BLACKELY 16 Aug. 1943    
56 DONNELL 26 June 1943   Now IX 182 141 HILL 16 August 1943    
57 FOGG 7 July 1943     142 FESSENDEN 25 Aug. 1943    
58 FOSS 23 July 1943     143 FISKE 25 Aig. 1943   Sunk
59 FOSS 23 July 1943     144 FROST 30 Aug. 1943    
60 GANTNER 29 July 1943   Now APD42 145 HUSE 30 Aug. 1943    
61 DUCKWORTH     To U.K. 8-4-43 146 INCH 8 Sept. 1943    
62 GEORGE W.INGRAM 11 Aug. 1943   Now APD43 147 BLAIR 13 Sept. 1943    
63 IRA JEFFERY 15 Aug. 1943   Now APD44 148 BROUGH 18 Sept. 1943    
64 DUFF     To U.K. 8-23-43 149 CHATELAIN 22 Sept. 1943    
65 LEE FOX 30 Aug. 1943   Now APD45 150 NEUNZER 27 Sept. 1943    
66 AMESBURY 31 Aug. 1943   Now APD46 151 POOLE 29 Spet. 1943    
67 ESSINGTON     To U.K. 9-7-43 152 PETERSON 29 Sept. 1943    
68 BATES 12 Sept. 1943   Now APD47 153 REUBEN JAMES 1 April 1943    
69 BLESSMAN 19 Sept. 1943   Now APD48 154 SIMS 24 April 1943   Now APD50
70 JOSEPH E. CAMPBELL 23 Sept. 1943   Now APD49 155  HOPPING 21 May 1943   Now APD51
71 AFFLECT     To U.K. 9-29-43 156 REEVES 9 June 1943   Now AP52
72 AYLMER     To U.K. 9-30-43 157 FECHTELER 1 July 1943   Sunk
73 BALFOUR     To U.K.10-7-43 158 CHASE 18 July 1943   Noow APD 54
74 BENTLEY     To U.K. 10-13-43 159 LANING 1 Aug. 1943   Now APD55
75 BRICKERTON     To U.K. 10-17-43 160 LOY 12 Sept. 1943   Now APD56
76 BLIGH     To U.K. 10-22-43 161 BARBER 10 Oct. 1943    
77 BRAITHWAITE     To U.K. 11-13-43 162 LEVY 13 May 1943    
78 BULLEN     To U.K. 10-25-43 163 McConnell 28 May 1943    
79 BYRON     To U.K. 10-30-43 164 OSTERHAUS 12 June 1943    
80 CONN     To U.K. 10-31-43 165 PORKS 5 July 1943    
81 COTTON     To U.K. 11-8-43 166 BARON 5 July 1943    
82 CRANSTOWN     To U.K. 11-13-43 167 ACREE 19 July 1943    
83 CUBITT     To U.K. 11-17-43 168 AMICK 26 July 1943    
84 CURZON     To U.K. 11-20-43 169 ATHERTON 29 Aug. 1943    
85 DAKINS     To U.K. 11-23-43 170 BOOTH 19 Sept. 1943    
86 DEANE     To U.K. 11-26-43 171 CARROLL 24 Oct. 1943    
87 EKINS     To U.K. 11-29-43 172 COONER 21 Aug. 1943    
88 FITZROY     To U.K.10-16-43 173 ELDRIDGE 27 Aug. 1943    
89 REDMILL     To U.K. 11-30-43 174 MARTS 3 Sept. 1943   T Brazil 3-20-45
90 RETALICK     To U.K. 12-8-43 175 PENNEWILL 15 Sept. 1943   To Brazi 8-1-44
91 HALSTEAD     To U.K. 11-3-43 176 MICKA 23 Sept.1943    
92 RIOU     To U.K.12-14-43 177 REYBALD 29 Sept. 1943   To Brazil 8-15-44
93 RUTHERFORD     To U.K. 12-16-43 178 HERZOG 6 October 1943   To Brazil 8-1-44
94 COSBY     To U.K. 12-20-43 179 McANN 11 Oct. 1943    
95 ROWLEY     To U.K. 12-22-43 180 TRUMPETER 16 Oct. 1943    
96 RUPERT     To U.K. 12-24-43 181 STRAUB 25 Oct. 1943    
97 STOCKHAM     TO U.K. 12-28-43 182 GUTAFSON 1 Nov. 1943    

[62]

Type & No. Name          Date Commissioned Total Remarks Type & No. Name       Date Commissioned Total Remarks
  DESTROYER ESCORTS--Continued       DESTROYER ESCORTS--Continued    

DE

183

SAMUEL S. MILES 4 Nov. 1943    

DE

259

WILLIAM C. MILLER 2 July 1943    
184 WESSON 11 Nov. 1943     260 CABANA 9 July 1943    
185 RIDDLE 17 Nov. 1943     261 DIONNE 16 July 1943    
186 SWEARER 23 Nov. 1943     262 CANFIELD 22 July 1943    
187 STERN 1 Dec. 1943     263 DEEDE 29 July 1943    
188 O'NEILL 6 Dec. 1943     264 ELDEN 5 Aug. 1943    
189 BRONSTEIN 13 Dec. 1943     265 CLOUES 10 Aug.1943    
190 BAKER 23 Dec. 1943     266 CAPEL     To U.K. 8-24-43
191 COFFMAN 27 Dec. 1943     267 COOKE     To. U.K. 8-30-43
192 EISNER 1 Jan. 1944     268 DACRES     To U.K.
193 GARFIELD THOMAS 24 Jan. 1944     269 DOMETT     To U.K.9-10-43
194 WINGFIELD 28 Jan. 1944     270 FOLEY     To U.k. 9-16-43
195 THORNHILL 1 Feb. 1944     271 GARLIES     To U.K.9-20-43
196 RINEHART 12 Feb. 1944     272 GOULD     To U.K. 9-25-43
197 ROCHE 21 Feb 1944     273 GRINDALL     To U.K.9-30-43
198 LOVELACE 7 Nov. 1943     274 GARDINER     To U.K. 9-30-43
199 MANNING 1 Oct. 1943     275 GOODALL     To U.K. 10-11-43
200 NEUENDORF 18 October 1943     276 GOODSON     To U.K.10-16-43
201 JAMES E. CRAIG 1 Nov. 1943     277 GORE     To U.K. 10-22-43
202 EICHENBERGER 17 Nov. 1943     278 KEATS     To U.K. 10-28-43
203 THOMASON 10 Dec. 1943     279 KEMPTHORNE     To U.K.10-31-43
204 JORDAN 17 Dec. 1943     280 KINGSMILL     To U.K. 11-6-43
205 NEWMAN 26 Nov.1943   Now APD59 301 LAKE 5 Feb. 1944    
206 LIDDLE 6 Dec. 1943   Now APD60 302 LYMAN 19 Feb. 1944    
207 KEPHART 7 Jan. 1944   Now APD61 303 CROWLEY 25 March 1944    
208 COFER 19 Jan. 1944   Now APD62 304 RALL 8 April 1944    
209 LLOYD 11 Feb. 1944   Now APD63 305 HALLORAN 27 May 1944    
210 OTTER 21 Feb. 1944     306 CONNOLLY 8 July 1944    
211 HUBBARD 6 March 1944   Now APD53 307 FINNEGAN 19 Aug. 1944    
212 HAYTE 16 March 1944   Now APD80 316 HARVESON 12 Oct. 1943    
213 WILLIAM T. POWELL 28 March 1944     317 JOYCE  30 Sept. 1943    
214 SCOTT 20 July 1943     318 KIRPATRICK 23 Oct. 1943    
215 BURKE 20 Aug. 1943   Now APD65 319 LEOPOLD 18 Oct. 1943   Sunk
216 ENRIGHT 21 Sept 1943   Now APD66 320 MENGES 26 Oct. 1943    
217 COOLBAUGH 15 Oct. 1943     321 MOSLEY 30 Oct. 1943    
218 DARBY 15 Nov. 1943     322 NEWELL 30 Oct. 1943    
219 J.DOUGLAS BLACKWOOD 15 Dec. 1943     323 PRIDE 13 Nov. 1943    
220 FRANCIS M. ROBINSON 15 Jan. 1944     324 FALGOUT 15 Nov. 1943    
221 SOLAR 15 Feb 1944     325 LOWE 22 Nov. 1943    
222 FOWLER 15 March 1944     326 THOMAS J. GARY 27 Nov. 1943    
223 SPANGEBERG 15 April 1944     327 BRISTER 30 Nov. 1943    
224 RUDDEROW 15 May 1944     328 FINCH 13 Dec. 1943    
225 DAY 10 June 1944     329 KRETCHMER 13 De. 1943    
230 CHAFEE 9 May 1944     330 O'REILLY 28 Dec. 1943    
231 HODGES 27 May 1944     331 KOINER 27 Dec. 1943    
238 STEWART 31 May 1943     332 PRICE 12 Jan. 1944    
239 STURTEVANT 16 June 1943     333 STRICKLAND 10 Jan. 1943    
240 MOORE 1 July 1943     334 FORSTER 25 Jan. 1944    
241 KEITH 19 July 1943     335 DANIEL 24 Jan. 1944    
242 TOMICH 26 July 1943     336 ROY O. HALE 3 Feb. 1944    
243 J. RICHARD WARD 5 July 1943     337 DALE W. PETERSON 17 Feb. 1944    
244 OTTERSTEITTER 6 Aug. 1943     338 MARTIN H. RAY 28 Feb. 1944    
245 SLOAT 16 Aug. 1943     339 JOHN C. BUTLER 31 March 1944    
246 SNOWDEN 23 Aug. 1943     340 O'FLAHERTY 8 April 1944    
247 STANTON 7 Aug. 1943     341 RAYMOND 15 April 1944    
248 SWASEY 31 Aug. 1943     342 RICHARD W. SUESENS 26 April 1944    
249 MARCHAND 8 Sept. 1943     343 ABERCROMBIE 29 April 1944    
250 HURST 30 Aug. 1943     344 ABERRENDER 11 May 1944   Stricken
251 CAMP 16 Sept. 1943     345 ROBERT BRAZIER 18 May 1944    
252 HOWARD D. CROW 27 Sept. 1943     346 EDWIN A. HOWARD 25 May 1944    
253 PETTIT 23 Sept. 1943     347 JESSE RUTHERFORD 31 May 1944    
254 RICKETTS 5 Oct. 1943     348 KEY 5 June 1944    
255 SELLSTROM 12 Oct. 1943     349 GENTRY 14 June 1944    
256 SEID 11 June 1943     350 TRAW 20 June 1944    
257 SMARTT 18 June 1943     351  JAURICE J. MANUEL 30 June 1944    
258 WALTER S. BROWN 25 June 1943              

[63]

Type & No. Name     Date Commissioned Total Remarks Type & No. Name      Date Commissioned Total Remarks
  DESTROYER ESCORTS--Continued       DESTROYER ESCORTS--Continued    

DE

352

NAFEH 4 July    

DE

419

ROBERT F. KELLER 17 June 1944    
353 DOYLE C. BARNES 13 July 1944     420 LELAND E. THOMAS 19 June 1944    
354 KENNETH M. WILLET 19 July 1944     421 CHESTER T. O'BRIEN 3 July 1944    
355 JACCARD 26 July 1944     422 DOUGLAS A. MUNRO 11 July 1945    
356 LLOYD E. ACREE 1 Aug. 1944     423 DUFILHO 21 July 1945    
357 GEORGE E. DAVIS 11 Aug. 1944     424 HAAS 2 Aug. 1944    
358 MACK 16 Aug. 1944     438 CORBESIER 31 March 1944    
359 WOODSON 24 Aug. 1944     439 CONKLIN 21 April 1944    
360 JOHNNIE HUTCHINS 28 Aug. 1944     440 McCoy REYNOLDS 2 May 1944    
361 WALTON 4 Sept. 1944     441 WILLIAM SEIVERLING 1 June 1944    
362 ROLF 7 Sept. 1944     442 Ulver M. Moore 18 July 1944    
363 PRATT 18 Sept. 1944     443 KENDALL C. CAMPBELL 31 July 1944    
364 ROMBACK 20 Sept. 1944     444 GOSS 26 Aug. 1944    
365 McGinty 25 Sept. 1944     445 GRADY 11 Sept. 1944    
366 ALVIN C. COCKRELL 7 Oct. 1944     446 CHARLES E. BANNON 1 Nov. 1944    
367 FRENCH 9 Oct. 1944     447 ALBERT T. HARRIS 29 Nov. 1944    
368 CECIL P. DOYLE 16 Oct. 1944     448 CROSS 8 Jan. 1945    
369 THADDEUS PARKER 25 Oct. 1944     449 HANNA 27 Jan. 1945    
370 JOHN L. WILLIAMSON 31 Oct. 1944     450 JOSEPH E. CONNOLLY 28 Feb 1945    
371 PRESLEY 7 Nov. 1944     508 GILLIGAN 12 May 1944    
372 WILLIAMS 11 Nov. 1944     509 FORMOE 5 Oct. 1944    
382 RAMSDEN 19 Oct. 1943     510 HEYLIGER 24 March 1945    
383 MILLS 12 Oct. 1943     516 LAWFORD     To U.K. 11-3-43
384 RHODES 25 Oct. 1943     517 LOUIS     To U.K. 11-18-43
385 RICKEY 30 Oct. 1943     518 LAWSON     To U.K. 11-25-43
386 SAVAGE 29 Oct. 1943     519 PAISLEY     To U.K. 11-29-43
387 VANCE 1 Nov. 1943     520 LORING     To U.K. 12-5-43
388 LANSING 10 Nov. 1943     521 HOSTE     To U.K. 12-14-43
389 DURANT 16 Nov.1943     522 MOORSOM     To U.K. 12-20-43
390 CALCATERRA 17 Nov. 1943     523 MANNERS     To U.K. 12-27-43
391 CHAMBERS 22 nov. 1943     524 MOUNSEY     To U.K. 12-31-43
392 MERRILL 27 Nov. 1943     525 INGLIS     To U.K. 1-12-44
393 HAVERFIELD 29 Nov. 1943     526 INMAN     To U.K. 1-24-44
394 SWENNING 1 Dec. 1943     527 O'TOOLE 22 Jan. 1944    
395 WILLIS 10 Dec. 1943     528 JOHN J. POWERS 29 Feb. 1944    
396 JANSSEN 18 Dec. 1943     529 MASON 20 Marc 1944    
397 WILHOITE 16 Dec. 1943     530 JOHN M. BERMINGHAM 8 April 1944    
398 COCKRILL 24 Dec. 1943     531 EDWARD H. ALLEN 16 Dec. 1943    
399 STOCKDALE 31 Dec. 1943     532 TWEEDY 12 Feb. 1944    
400 HISSEM 13 Jan. 1944     533 HOWARD F. CLARK 25 May 1944    
401 HOLDER 18 Jan. 1944   Scrapped 534 SILVERSTEIN 14 July 1944    
402 RICHARD S. BULL 26 Feb. 1944     535 LEWIS 5 Sept. 1944    
403 HOWARD M. ROWELL 9 March 1944     536 BIVIN 31 Oct. 1944    
404 EVERSOLE 21 March 1944   Sunk 537 RIZZI 26 June 1945    
405 DENNIS 20 March 1944     563 SPRAGGE     To U.K. 1-14-44
406 EDMONDS 3 April 1944     564 STAYMER     To U.K. 12-30-43
407 SHELTON 4 April 1944   Sunk 565 THORNBOROUGH     To U.K. 12-31-43
408 STRAUS 6 April 1944     566 TROLLOPE     To U.K. 1-10-44
409 LA PRADE 20 April 1944     567 TYLER     To U.K. 1-14-44
410 JACK MILLER 13 April 1944     568 TORRINGTON     To U.K. 1-18-44
411 STAFFORD 19 April 1944     569 NARBROUGH     To U.K. 1-21-44
412 WALTER C. WANN 2 May 1944     570 WALDEGRAVE     To U.K. 1-25-44
413 SAMUEL B. ROBERTS 28 April 1944   Sunk 571 WHITAKER     To U.K. 1-28-44
414 LE ROY WILSON 10 May 1944     572 HOLMES     To U.K. 1-31-44
415 LAWRENCE TAYLOR 13 May 1944     573 HARGOOD     To U.K. 2-7-44
416 MELVIN R. NAWMAN 16 May 1944     574 HOTHAM     To U.K. 2-8-44
417 OLIVER MITCHELL 14 June 1944     575 AHRENS 12 Feb. 1944    
418 TABBERER 23 May 1944     576 BARR 15 Feb. 1944   Now APD39

[64]

Type & No. Name        Date Commissioned Total Remarks Type & No. Name      Date Commissioned Total Remarks
  DESTROYER ESCORTS--Continued       DESTROYER ESCORTS --Concluded    

DE

577

ALEXANDER J. LUKE 19 Feb. 1944    

DE

746

HEMMINGER 30 May 1944    
578 ROBERT I. PAINE 28 Feb. 1944     747 BRIGHT 30 June 1944    
579 RILEY 13 March 1944     748 TILLS 8 Aug. 1944    
580 LESLIE L.B. KNOX 22 March 1944     749 ROBERTS 2 Sept. 1944    
581 McNULTY 13 March 1944     750 McCLELLAND 19 Sept. 1944    
582 METIVIER 7 April 1944     763 CATES 15 Dec. 1943    
583 GEORGE A. JOHNSON 15 April 1944     764 GANDY 7 Feb. 1944    
584 CHARLES J. KIMMEL 20 April 1944     765 EARL K. OLSEN 10 April 1944    
585 DANIEL A. JOY 28 April 1944     766 SLATER 1 May 1944    
586 LOUGH 2 May 1944     767 OSWALD 12 June 1944    
587 THOMAS F. NICKEL 9 June 1944     768 EBERT 12 July 1944    
588 PFEIFFER 15 June 1944     769 NEAL A. SCOTT 31 July 1944    
589 TINSMAN 26 June 1944     770 MUIR 30 Aug. 1944    
633 FOREMAN 22 Oct. 1943     771 SUTTON 22 Dec. 1944    
634 WHITEHURST 19 Nov. 1943     789 TATUM 22 Nov. 1943   Now APD81
635 ENGLAND 10 Dec. 1943   Now APD41 790 BORUM 30 Nov. 1943    
636 WITTER 29 Dec. 1943   Now APD58 791 MALOY 13 Dec. 1943    
637 BOWERS 27 Jan. 1944   Now APD40 792 HAINES 27 Dec. 1943   Now APD84
638 WILLMARTH 13 March 1944     793 RUNELS 3 Jan. 1944   Now APD85
639 GENDREAU 17 March 1944     794 HOLLIS 24 Jan. 1944   Now APD86
640 FIEBERLING 11 April 1944     795 GUNASON 1 Feb. 1944    
641 WILLIAM C. COLE 12 May 1944     796 MAJOR 12 Feb. 1944    
642 PAUL G. BAKER 25 May 1944     797 WEEDEN 20 Feb. 1944    
643 DAMON M. CUMMINGS 29 June 1944     798 VARIEN 29 Feb. 1944    
644 VAMMEN 27 July 1944     799 SCROGGINS 30 March 1944    
665 JENKS 19 Jan. 1944     800 JACK W. WILKE 7 March 1944    
666 DURIK 24 march 1944           498 (86 lLased)
667 WISEMAN 4 April 1944       HIGH SPEED TRANSPORTS  
675 WEBER 30 June 1944   Now APD75

APD

69

YOKES 18 Dec. 1944   ex-DE 668
676 SCHMITT 24 July 1944   Now APD76 70 PAVLIC 29 Dec. 1944   ex-DE 669
677 FRAMENT 15 Aug. 1943   Now APD77 71 ODUM 12 Jan. 1945   ex-DE 670
678 HARMON 31 Aug. 1943     72 JACK C. ROBINSON 2 Feb. 1945   ex-DE671
679 GREENWOOD 25 Sept. 1943     73 BASSETT 23 Feb. 1945   ex-DE 672
680 LOESER 10 Oct. 1943     74 JOHN P. GRAY 15 March 1945   ex-DE 673
681 GILLETTE 27 oct. 1943     87 CROSLEY 22 Oct. 1944   ex-DE 226
682 UNDERHILL 15 Nov. 1943   Sunk 88 CREAD 29 July 1945   ex-DE 227
683 HENRY R. KENYON 30 Nov. 1943     89 RUCHAMKIN 11 Sept. 1945   ex-DE 228
684 DE LONG 31 Dec. 1943     91 KINZER 1 Nov. 1944   ex-DE 232
685 COATES 24 Jan. 1944     92 REGISTER 11 Jan. 1945   ex-DE 233
686 EUGENE E. ELMORE 4 Feb. 1944     93 BROCK 9 Feb. 1945   ex-DE 234
693 BULL 12 Aug. 1943   Now APD78 94 JOHN Q. ROBERTS 8 March 1945   ex-DE 235
694 BUNCH 21 Aug. 1943   Now APD79 95 WILLIAM M. HOBBY 4 April 1945   ex-DE 236
695 RICH 1 Oct. 1943   Sunk 96 RAY K. EDWARDS 11 June 1945   es-DE 237
696 SPANGLER 31 Oct. 1943     97 ARTHUR L. BRISTOL 25 June 1945   ex-DE 281
697 GEORGE 20 Nov. 1943     98 TRUCTUN 9 July 1945   ex-DE 282
698 RABY 7 Dec. 1943     99 UPHAM 23 July 1945   ex-DE 283
699 MARSH 12 Jan. 1944     100 RINGNESS 25 Oct. 1944   ex-DE 590
700 CURRIER 1 Feb. 1944     101 KNUDSON 25 Nov. 1944   ex-DE 591
701 OSMUS 23 Feb. 1944     102 REDNOUR 30 Dec. 1944   ex-DE 592
702 EARL V. JOHNSON 18 March 1944     103 TOLLBERG 31 Jan. 1945   ex-DE 593
703 HOLDON 1 May 1944     104 WILLIAM J. PATTISON 27 Feb. 1945   ex-DE 594
704 CRONIN 5 May 1944     105 MYERS 26 March 1945   ex-DE 595
705 FRYBARGER 18 May 1944     106 WALTER B. COBB 25 April 1945   ex-DE 596
706 HOLT 9 June 1944     107 EARL B. HALL 15 May 1945   ex-DE 597
707 JOBB 4 July 1944     108 HARRY L. CORL 5 June 1945   es-DE 598
708 PARLE 29 July 1944     109 BELET 15 June 1945   ex-DE 599
709 BRAY 4 Spet. 1944   Now APD139 110 JULIUS A. RAVEN 28 June 1945   ex-DE 600
739 BANGUST 30 Ot. 1943     111 WALSH 11 July 1945   ex-DE 601
740 WATERMAN 30 Nov. 1943     112 HUNTER MARSHALL 17 July 1945   ex-DE 602
741 WEAVER 31 Dec. 1943     113 EARHEART 26 July 1945   ex-DE 603
742 HILBERT 4 Feb. 1944     114 GORKA 7 Aug. 1945   ex-DE 604
743 LAMONS 28 Feb. 1944     115 ROGERS BLOOD 22 Aug. 1945   ex-DE 605
744 KYNE 4 April 1944     116 FRANCOVICH 6 Sept. 1945   ex-DE 606
745 SNYDER 5 May 1944     117 JOSEPH M. AUMAN 25 April 1945   ex-DE 674

[65]

Type & No. Name     Date Commissioned Total Remarks Type & No. Name     Date Commissioned Total Remarks
  HIGH SPEED TRANSPORTS--Concluded       SUBMARINES--Continued    

APD

118

DON O. WOOD 28 May 1945   ex-DE 721

SS

261

MINGO 12 Feb. 1943    
119 BEVERLEY W. REID 25 Hune 1944   ex-DE 722 262 MUSKALLUNGE 15 March 1943    
120 KLINE 18 Oct. 1944   ex-DE 687 263 PADDLE 29 March 1943    
121 RAYMON W. HERNDON 3 Nov. 1944   ex-DE 688 264 PARGO 26 April 1943    
122 SCRIBNER 20 Nov. 1944   ex-DE 689 265 PETO 21 Nov. 1942    
123 DIACHENKO 8 Dec. 1944   ex-DE 690 266 POGY 10 Jan. 1943    
124 HORACE A. BASS 21 Dec. 1944   ex-DE 691 267 POMPON 17 March 1943    
125 WANTUCK 30 Dec. 1944   ex-DE 692 268 PUFFER 27 April 1943    
126 GUSSELIN 31 Dec. 1944   ex-DE 710 269 RASHER 8 June 1943    
127 BEGOR 14 March 1945   ex-DE 711 270 RATON 13 July 1943    
128 CAVALLARO 13 March 1945   ex-DE 712 271 RAY 27 July 1943    
129 DONALD W. WOLF 14 April 1945   ex-DE 713 272 REDFIN 31 Aug.1943    
130 COOK 25 April 1945   ex-DE 714 273 ROBALO 28 Sept. 1942   Sunk
131 WALTER X. YOUNG 1 May 1945   ex-DE 715 274 ROCK 26 Oct. 1943    
132 BALDUCK 7 May 1945   ex-DE 716 275 RUNNER 30 July 1942   Sunk
133 BURDO 2 June 1945   ex-DE 717 276 SAWFISH 26 Aug. 1942    
134 KLEINSMITH 12 June 1945   ex-DE 718 277 SCAMP 18 Sept. 1942   Sunk
135 WEISS 7 july 1945   ex-DE 719 278 SCORPION 1 Oct. 1942   Sunk
136 CARPELLOTTI 30 July 1945   ex-DE 720 279 SNOOK 24 Oct. 1942   Sunk
      55   280 STEELHEAD 7 Dec. 1942    
    SUBMARINES   281 SUNFISH 15 July 1942    

SS

212

GATO 31 Dec. 1941     282 TUNNY 1 Sept. 1942    
213 GREENLING 21 Jan. 1942     283 TINOSA 15 Jan. 1943    
214 GROUPER 12 Feb. 1942     284 TULLIBEE 15 fEB. 1943   Sunk
215 GROWLER 20 March 1942   Sunk 285 BALAO 4 Feb. 1943    
216 GRUNION 11 April 1942   Sunk 286 BILLFISH 20 April 1943    
217 GUARDFISH 8 May 1942     287 BOWFIN 1 May 1943    
218 ALBACORE 1 June 1942   Sunk 288 CABRILLA 24 May 1943    
219 AMBERJACK 19 June 1942   Sunk 289 CAOELIN 4 June 1943   Sunk
220 BARB 8 July 1942     290 CISCO 10 May 1943   Sunk
221 BLACKFISH 22 July 1942     291 CREVALLE 24 June 1943    
222 BLUEFISH 24 May 1943     292 DEVILFISH 1 Sept. 1944    
223 BONEFISH 31 May 1943   Sunk 293 DRAGONET 6 March 1944    
224 COD 21 June 1943     294 ESCOLAR 2 June 1944   Sunk
225 CERO 4 July 1943     295 HACKLEBACK 7 Nov.1944    
226 CORVINA 6 Aug. 1943   Sunk 297 LING 8 June 1945    
227 DARTER 7 Sept. 1943   Sunk 298 LIONFISH 1 Nov. 1944    
229 FLYING FISH 10 Dec. 1941     299 MANTA 18 Dec. 1944    
230 FINBACK 31 Jan. 1942     300 MORAY 26 Jan. 1945    
231 HADDOCK 14 March 1942     301 RONCADOR 27 March 1945    
232 HALIBUT 10 April 1942     302 SABALO 19 June 1945    
233 HERRING 4 May 1942   Sunk 304 SEAHORSE 31 March 1943    
234 KINGFISH 20 May 1942     305 SKATE 15 April 1943    
235 SHAD 12 June 1942     306 TANG 15 Oct. 1943   Sunk
236 SILVERSIDES 15 Dec. 1942     307 TILEFISH 28 Dec. 1943    
237 TRIGGER 31 Jan. 1942   Sunk 308 APOGON 16 July 1943    
238 WAHOO 15 May 1942   Sunk 309 ASPRO 31 July 1943    
239 WHALE 1 June 1942     310 BATDISH 21 Aug. 1943    
240 ANGLER 1 Oct. 1943     311 ARCHERFISH 4 Sept. 1943    
241 BASHAW 25 Oct. 1942     312 BURRFISH 14 Sept. 1943    
242 BLUEGILL 11 Nov. 1943     313 PERCH 7 Jan. 1944    
243 BREAM 24 Jan. 1944     314 SHARK 12 Feb. 1944   Sunk
244 CAVALLA 29 Feb. 1944     315 SEALION 8 March 1944    
245 COBIA 29 March 1944     316 BARBEL 3 April 1944   Sunk
246 CROAKER 21 April 1944     317 BARBERO 29 April 1944    
247 DACE 23 July 1943     318 BAYA 20 May 1944    
248 DORADO 28 Aug. 1943   Sunk 319 BECUNA 27 MAY 1944    
249 FLASHER 25 Swpt. 1943     320 BERGALL 12 June 1944    
250 FLIER 18 Oct. 1943   Sunk 321 BESUGO 19 June 1944    
251 FLOUNDER 29 Nov. 1943     322 BLACKFIN 4 July 1944    
252 GABILAN 28 Dec. 1943     323 CAIMAN 17 July 1944    
253 GUNNEL 20 Aug. 1942     324 BLENNY 27 July 1944    
254 GUNARD 18 Sept. 1942     325 BLOWER 10 Aug. 1944    
255 HADDO 9 Oct. 1942     326 BLUEBACK 28 Aug. 1944    
256 HAKE 30 Oct. 1942     327 BOARFISH 23 Sept. 1944    
257 HARDER 2 Dec. 1942   Sunk 328 CHARR 23 Sept. 1944    
258 HOE 16 Dec.1942     329 CHUB 21 Oct. 1944    
259 JACK 6 Jan. 1943     330 BRILL 26 Oct. 1944    
260 LAPON 23 Jan. 1943     331 BUGARA 15 Nov. 1944    
          332 BULLHEAD 4 Dec. 1944    
          333 BUMPER 9 Dec. 1944    
          334 CABEZON 30 Dec. 1944    
          335 DENTUDA 30 Dec. 1944    
          336 CAPITAINE 26 Jan. 1945    
          337 CARBONERO 7 Feb. 1945    

[66]

Type & No. Name    Date Commissioned Total Remarks Type & No. Name     Date Commissioned Total Remarks
  SUBMARINES--Continued       SUBMARINES--Concluded    

SS

338

CARP 28 Feb. 1945    

SS

396

RONQUIL 22 April 1944    
339 CATFISH 19 March 1945     397 SCABBARDFISH 29 April 1944    
340 ENTEMEDOR 6 April 1945     398 SEGUNDO 9 May 1944    
341 CHIVO 28 April 1945     400 SEA DEVIL 24 May 1944    
342 CHOPPER 25 May 1945     401 SEA DOG 3 June 1944    
343 CLAMAGORE 28 June 1945     402 SEA FOX  13 June 1944    
344 COBBLER 8 Aug. 1945     403 ATULE 21 June 1944    
345 COCHINO 25 Aug. 1945     404 SPIKEFISH 30 June 1944    
361 GOLET 30 Nov. 1943   Sunk 405 SEA OWL 17 July 1944    
362 GUAVINA 23 De. 1943     406 SEA POACHER 31 July 1944    
363 GUITARRO 26 Jan. 1944     407 SEA ROBIN 7 Aug. 1944    
364 HAMMERHEAD 1 March 1944     408 SENNET 22 Aug. 1944    
365 HARDHEAD 18 April 1944     409 PIPER 23 Aug. 1944    
366 HAWKBILL 17 May 1944     410 THREADFIN 30 Aug. 1944    
367 ICEFISH 10 June 1944     411 SPADEFISH 9 March 1944    
368 JALLAO 8 July 1944     412 TREPANG 22 May 1944    
369 KETE 31 July 1944   Sunk 413 SPOT 3 Aug. 1944    
370 KRAKEN 8 Sept. 1944     414 SPRINGER 18 Oct. 1944    
371 LARGARTO 14 Oct. 1944   Sunk 415 STICKLEBACK 29 March 1945    
372 LAMPREY 17 Nov. 1944     417 TENCH 6 Oct. 1944    
373 LIZARDFISH 30 Dec. 1944     418 THORNBACK 13 Oct. 1944    
374 LOGGERHEAD 9 Feb. 1945     419 TIGRONE 25 Oct. 1944    
375 MACABI 29 March 1945     420 TIRANTE 6 Nov. 1944    
376 MAPIRO 30 April 1945     421 TRULTA 16 Nov. 1944    
377 MENHADEN 22 June 1945     422 TORO 8 Dec. 1944    
378 MERO 17 Aug. 1945     423 TORSK 16 Dec. 1944    
381 SAND LANCE 9 Oct. 1943     424 QUILLBACK 29 Dec. 1944    
382 PICUDO 16 Oct. 1943     475 ARGONAUT 15 Jan. 1945    
383 PAMPANITO 6 Nov. 1943     476 RUNNER 6 Feb. 1945    
384 PARCHE 20 Nov. 1943     477 CONGER 14 Feb. 1945    
385 BANG 4 Dec. 1943     478 CUTLASS 17 March 1945    
386 PILOTFISH 16 Dec. 1943     479 DIABLO 31 March 1945    
387 PINTADO 1 Jan. 1944     480 MEDREGAL 14 April 1945    
388 PIPEFISH 22 Jan. 1944     481 REQUINN 28 April 1945    
389 PIRANHA 5 Feb. 1944     482 IREX 14 May 1945    
390 PLAICE 12 Feb. 1944     483 SEA LEOPARD 11 June 1945    
391 POMFRET 19 Feb. 1944     484 ODAX 11 July 1945    
392 STERLET 4 March 1944     485 SIRAGO 13 Aug. 1944    
393 QUEENFISH 11 March 1944           203  
394 RAZORBACK 3 April 1944              
395 REDFISH 12 April 1944              

All other classes of Vessels that have been completed

7 December 1941-1 October 1945

(Figures for September 1945 estimated)

                            SUMMARY                                         MINE CRAFT                   PATROL CRAFT--Concl'd
Class      Number of Vessels Type     Number Total Type Number Total
MINE CRAFT                    875 ACM                 8 PT         694
PATROL CRAFT              1,828 AM               219 BPT         58
AUXILIARIES                 1,541 AMb               21 PY           10

DISTRICT CRAFT           1,372

(Self Propelled)

AMc                50 PYc          24

DISTRICT LANDING      1,441

CRAFT (Non-Self Propelled)

BAM               20 SC         444

LARGE LANDING          4,094

CRAFT

CM                  3                           1828

SMALL LANDING         79,125

CRAFT

YMS             474  
SMALL BOATS            19,366 BYMS             80                  875 AUXILIARIES
    AD           7
TOTAL                     109,642 PATROL CRAFT AE          14
  PC               315 AF          30
  PCE               51 AG         40
  PCE(R)          13 AGC       13
  PCS               59 AGP       15
  PF                 96 AGS         3
  PG                41 AH          9
  PGM             23 AK       147

Note:  Figures include New Construction Vessels built, Vessels Conveted, and VEssels Acquired, no conversion required.

          Lend-Lease included.

[67]

Type Number Total Type Number Total Type Number Total Type Number Total
AUXILIARIES--Concluded   DISTRICT CRAFT (SP)   DISTRICT CRAFT (NSP)   SMALL LANDING CRAFT--Concluded  
AKA 95   YAG 27   YG 10   LCM(3) 8631  
AKN 3   YCF 2   YHB 5   LCM(2) 31  
AKS 12   YDG 9   YO     LCS(S)(1) 150  
AN 45   YDT 2   YOG 38   LCS(S)(2) 408  
AO 64   YF 83   YOS 15   LCP(L) 1755  
AP 99   YFB 33   YR 42   LCP(R) 2635  
APB 6   YG 15   YRD(H) 8   LCVP 23398  
APc 100   YH 2   YRD(M) 8   LCV 2279  
APH 3   YHB 16   YS 17   LVT(1) 1174  
APL 42   YHT 1   YSP 6   LVT(A)(1) 510  
AR 8   YMT 1   YSR 6   LVT(2) 2962  
ARB 12   YN 11   YTT 3   LVT(A)(2) 450  
ARG 12   YNT 1   YW 23   LVT(3) 2964  
ARH 1   YO 109       1441 LVT(4) 8350  
ARL 34   YOG 42         LVT(A)(4) 1799  
ARS 36   YP           LVT(A)(5) 125  
ARS(T) 3   YSD 53         LCP(N) 12  
ARV 2   YSR 1         LCR(L) 9981  
ARV(A) 2   YT 4   LARGE LANDING CRAFT LCR(S) 8150  
ARV(E) 2   BYT 3   LCI(L) 921   45 ft. Artillery Lighters 6  
AS 10   PYT 2   LCS(L)(3) 130   26 ft. Outboard Landing Craft 4  
ASR     YTB 169   LCT(5) 470   Army Storm Boats 6  
AT 11   YTL 208   LCT(6) 965   Army Assault Boats 226  
ATA 48   YTM 32   LSD 22   Landing Craft Electric 287  
ATF 54   YW 39 1372 LSM 481   Landing Craft Inflatable 3  
ATR 100         SMALL LANDING CRAFT     79,125
AV 8   DISTRICT CRAFT (NSP)   LCC(1) 54        
AVP 27   YC 400   LCC(2) 45        
AW 4   YCF 89   LCM(6) 2730        
BAK 4   YCK 51              
BARS 6   YCV 14              
BAT 11   YF 610              
IX 127   YFT 4              
    1541                  

APPENDIX C

Losses of United States Naval Vessels from all causes

7 December 1941--1 October 1945

Name of Ship Location Date Name of Ship Location Date
  BATTLESHIPS   HEAVY CRUISERS--Concluded
ARIZONA Pearl Harbor 7 Dec. 1941 QUINCY Off Savo I., Solomons 9 Aug. 1942
OKLAHOMA Pearl Harbor 7 Dec.1941 VINCENNES Off Savo I., Solomons 9 Aug. 1942
  AIRCRAFT CARRIERS   LIGHT CRUISERS
HORNET 08 38 S, 166 43 E 26 Oct. 1942 ATLANTA 10 34 S, 161 04 E 13 Nov. 1942
LEXINGTON 15 12 S, 155 27 E 8 May 1942 HELENA Kula Gulf, Solomons 6 July 1943
PRINCETON 15 21 N, 121 31 E 24 Oct. 1944 JUNEAU 10 34 S, 161 04 E 13 Nov. 1944
WASP 12 25 S, 164 08 E 15 Sept. 1942 DESTROYERS  
YORKTOWN 30 36 n, 176 34 W 7 June 1942 AARON WARD 9 10 S, 160 12 E 7 April 1943
  ESCORT AIRCRAFT CARRIERS ABNER READ 10 47 N, 125 22 E 1 Nov. 1944
BISMARCK SEA Off Iwo Jima 21 Feb. 1945 BARTON Off Guadalcanal I., Solomons 13 Nov. 1942
BLOCK ISLAND 31 13 N, 23 03 W 29 May 1942 BEATTY 37 10 N, 6 00 E 6 Nov. 1943
GAMBIER BAY 11 31 N, 121 31 E 25 Oct. 1944 BENHAM Off Savo I., Solomons 15 Nov. 1942
LISCOME BAY 02 54 N, 172 30 E 24 Nov. 1943 BLUE 9 17 S, 160 02 E 22 Aug. 1943
OMMANEY BAY Off Panay I., P.I. 4 Jan. 1945 BORIE North of Azores 1 Nov. 1943
SAINT LO 11 13 N, 126 05 E 25 Oct. 1944 BRISTOL 37 19 N, 6 19 E 13 Oct. 1943
  HEAVY CRUISERS BROWNSON Off New Brita n 26 Dec. 1943
ASTORIA Off Savo I., Solomons 9 Aug. 1942 BUCK 40 00 N, 14 30 E 9 Oct. 1943
CHICAGO 11 25 S, 160 56 E 24 Nov. 1943 BUSH 27 16 N, 127 48 E 6 April 1945
HOUSTON Off Java, N.E.I. 1 March 1942 CALLAGHAN 26 30 N, 127 30 E 29 July 1945
INDIANAPOLIS NE of Leyte I., P.I. 29 July 1945 CHEVALIER Off Vella Lavella. Solomons 6 Oct. 1943
NORTHAMPTON Off Savo I., Solomons 30 Nov. 1942 COLHOUN Off Okinawa, Ryukyus 6 April 1945

[68]

Name of Ship                 Location                   Date              Name of Ship       Location            Date      
DESTROYERS--Concluded   SUBMARINES  
COOPER Ormoc Bay, P.I. 3 Dec. 1944 ALBACORE Japanese home waters Nov. 1944
CORRY 49 31 N, 1 11 W 6 June 1944 AMBERJACK Off New Britain Feb. 1943
DE HAVEN 9 09 S, 159 52 E 1 Feb 1943 ARGONAUT Off New Britain 10 Jan. 1943
DREXLER Off Okinawa, Ryukyus 28 May 1945 BARBEL Off Borneo Feb. 1945
DUNCAN Off Savo i., Solomons 12 Oct. 1942 BONEFISH Japanese home waters May 1945
EDSALL S of Java, N.E.I. 1 March 1942 BULLHEAD Java Sea Aug. 1945
GLENNON 50 32 N, 1 12 W 8 June 1944 CAPELIN Celebes Sea Dec. 1943
GWIN 7 41 S, 157 27 E 13 July 1943 CISCO South Pacific Ocean Oct. 1943
HALLIGAN 26 10 N, 127 30 E 26 March 1945 CORVINA Marshall Islands Nov. 1943
HAMMANN 30 36 N, 176 34 W 6 June 1942 DARTER Palawan Passage, P.I. 24 Oct. 1944
HENLEY 7 40 S, 148 06 E 3 Oct. 1943 DORADO Canal Zone, Panama Oct. 1943
HOEL 11 46 N, 126 33 E 25 Oct. 1944 ESCOLAR Japanese home waters Oct. 1944
HULL 12 00 N, 129 oo E 18 Dec. 1944 FLIER Off Borneo Aug. 1944
INGRAHAM 42 34 N, 60 05 W 22 Aug. 1942 GOLET Japanese home waters June 1944
JACOB JONES 38 42 N, 74 39 W 28 Feb. 1942 GRAMPUS Off New Britain Feb. 1943
JARVIS Off Guadalcanal I., Solomons 9 Aug. 1942 GRAYBACK Ryukyu Islands Feb. 1944
JOHNSTON 11 46 N, 126 09 E 25 Oct. 1944 GRAYLING Philippine waters Nov. 1944
LAFFEY Off Savo I., Solomons 13 Nov. 1942 GRENADIER Malayan waters April 1943
LANSDALE 37 03 N, 3 51 E 20 April 1944 GROWLER Philippine waters Nov. 1944
LEARY 45 00 N, 22 00 W 24 Dec. 1943 GRUNION Aleutian waters July 1942
LITTLE 26 24 N, 126 15 E 3 May 1945 HARDER Philippine waters Aug. 1944
LONGSHAW 26 11 N, 127 37 E 18 May 1945 HERRING Kurlie Islands May 1944
LUCE 26 35 N, 127 10 E 4 May 1945 KETE Ryukyu Islands March1945
MADDOX Off Sicily 10 July 1943 LAGARTO South China Sea June 1945
MAHAN Ormoc Bay, P.I. 7 Dec. 1944 PERCH Java Sea Feb. 1942
MANNERT L. ABELE 26 26 N, 177 43 E 12 April 1945 PICKEREL Japanese home waters May 1943
MEREDITH (DD 434) Off San Cristobal I., Solomons 15 oct. 1942 POMPANO Japanese home waters Sept. 1943
MEREDITH (DD 726) 49 33 N, 1 06 W 8 June 1944 R-12 Off Key West Fla.. 12 June 1943
MONAGHAN 12 00 N, 129 00 E 18 Dec. 1944 ROBALO Off Borneo July 1944
MONSSEN 9 04 S, 159 54 E 13 Nov. 1942 RUNNER Japanese home waters June 1943
MORRISON 27 10 N, 127 58 E 4 May 1945 S-26 Gulf of Panama 24 Jan. 1942
O'BRIEN 12 28 S, 164 08 E 15 Sept. 1942 S-27 Amchitka I., Aleutians 19 June 1942
PARROTT Norfolk, Virginia 2 May 1944 S-28 Off Oahu, T.H. 4 July 1944
PEARY Port Darwin, Australia 19 Feb. 1942 S-36 Straits of Makassar, N.E.I. 20 Jan. 1942
PERKINS Off New Guinea 29 Nov. 1943 S-39 Off Rossell I., SWPacific 14 Aug. 1942
PILLSBURY Bali Strait, N.E.I. 1 March 1942 S-44 Japanese home waters Nov. 1944
POPE Java Sea 1 March 1942 SCAMP Japanese home waters Nov. 1944
PORTER 8 32 S, 167 17 E 26 Oct. 1942 SCORPION East China Sea Jan. 1944
PRESTON Off Savo I., Solomons 15 Nov. 1942 SCULPIN Gilbert Islands Dec. 1943
PRINGLE 27 25 N, 126 59 E 16 April 1945 SEALION Cavite, P.I. 10 Dec. 1941
REID 9 50 N, 124 55 E 11 Dec. 1944 SEAWOLF Off Morotai I., N.E.I. Oct. 1944
REUBEN JAMES 51 59 N, 27 05 W 31 Oct. 1941 SHARK (SS 174) Molucca Sea Feb. 1942
ROWAN 40 07 N, 14 18 E 11 Sept. 1943 SHARK (SS 314) Off Hong Kong, China Oct. 1944
SIMS Coral Sea 7 May 1942 SNOOK Off Hainan I., S. China Sea April 1945
SPENCE 12 00 N, 129 00 E 18 Dec. 1944 SWORDFISH Ryukyu Islands Jan. 1945
STEWART Surabaya, Java, N.E.I. 2 March 1942 TANG Formosa Strait Oct. 1944
STRONG Kula Gulf, Solomons 5 July 1943 TRIGGER Ryukyu Islands March 1945
STURTEVANT Off Key West, Fla. 26 April 1942 TRITON Admiralty Islands March 1943
TRUXTON Placentia Bay, Newfoundland 18 Feb. 1942 TROUT Ryukyu Islands Feb., 1944
TUCKER Off Espiritu Santo I., New Hebrides 4 Aug. 1942 TULLIBEE Off Palau I. April 1944
TURNER Off Ambrose Light, New York 3 Jan. 1944 WAHOO Japanese home waters Oct. 1943
TWIGGS 26 08 N, 127 35 E 16 June 1945      
WALKE Off Savo I., Solomons 15 Nov. 1942 MINELAYERS  
WARRINGTON 27 00 N, 73 00 W 13 Sept. 1944 GAMBLE Off Iwo Jima 18 Feb. 1945
WILLIAM D. PORTER 27 06 N, 127 38 E 10 June 1945 MIANTONOMAH Off Le Havre, France 25 Sept. 1944
WORDEN Amchitka I., Aleutians 12 Jan. 1943 MONTGOMERY Ngulu Lagoon, South Pacific 17 Oct. 1944
           
  DESTROYER ESCORT VESSELS MINESWEEPERS  
EVERSOLE 10 10 N, 127 28 E 28 Oct. 1944 BITTERN At Cavite, P.I. 10 Dec. 1941
FECHTELER 36 07 N, 02 40 W 5 May 1944 BUNTING San Francisco Bay 3 June 1942
FISKE 47 10 N, 32 40 W 2 Aug. 1944 CROW Puget Sound 3 Sept. 1943
FREDERICK C. DAVIS 43 52 N, 40 15 W 24 April 1945 EMMONS Off Okinawa, Ryukyus 6 April 1945
HOLDER Mediterranean Sea 11 April 1944 FINCH At Corregidor, P.I. 10 April 1942
OBERRENDER Off Okinawa, Ryukyus 9 May 1945 HORNBILL San Francisco Bay

30 June 1942
RICH 49 31 N, 1 10 W 8 June 1944 HOVEY Lingayen Gulf, P.I. 6 Jan. 1945
SAMUEL B. ROBERTS Off Samar I., P.I. 25 oct. 1944 LONG 16 12 N, 120 11 E 6 Jan. 1945
SHELTON 2 32 N, 129 13 E 3 Oct. 1944 OSPREY 50 12 N, 1 20 W 5 June 1944
UNDERHILL 19 20 N, 126 42 E 24 July 1945 PALMER Lingayen Gulf, P.I. 7 Jan. 1945
      PENGUIN At Guam 8 Dec. 1941
      PERRY Off Palau I. 13 Sept. 1944

[69]

Name of Ship Location      Date     Name of Ship Location            Date     
MINESWEEPERS--Concluded   MOTOR TORPEDO BOATS  
PORTENT 41 23 N, 12 43 E 22 Jan. 1944 PT 22 North Pacific 11 June 1943
QUAIL Corregidor, P.I. 5 May 1942 PT 28 Dora Harbor, Alaska 12 June 1943
SALUTE 5 07 N, 115 04 E 8 June 1945 PT 31 Subic Bay, P.I. 19 Jan. 1942
SENTINEL Off Licata, Sicily 12 July 1943 PT 32 Sulu Sea 13 Mar 1942
SKILL 40 20 N, 14 35 E 25 Sept. 1943 PT 33 Off Pt. Santiago, P.I. 15 Dec. 1941
SKYLARK 26 20 N, 127 41 E 28 March 1945 PT 34 Off Cauit Island, P.I. 9 April 1942
SWALLOW Off Okinawa, Ryukyus 22 April 1945 PT 35 At Cebu, P.I. 12 April 1942
SWERVE 41 31 N, 12 28 E 9 July 1944 PT 37 Off Guadalcanal I., Solomons 1 Feb. 1943
TANAGER At Corregidor, P.I. 4 May 1942 PT 41 Lake Lanao, Mindanao, P.I. 15 April 1942
TIDE 49 37 N, 1 05 W 7 June 1944 PT 43 Off Guadalcanal I., Solomons 10 Jan. 1943
VALOR 41 28 N, 70 57 W 29 June 1944 PT 44 In South Pacific 12 Dec. 1942
WASMUTH Aleutian Islands 29 Dec. 1942 PT 63 Off New Ireland 18 June 1944
  SUBMARINE CHASERS PT 67 Off Tufi, New Guinea 17 March 1943
PC 496 37 23 N, 9 52 W 4 June 1943 PT 68 New Guinea 1 Oct. 1943
PC 558 38 41 N, 13 43 E 9 may 1944 PT 73 Philippines 15 Jan. 1945
PC 1129 Off Luzon, P.I. 31 Jan. 1945 PT 77 Off Talin Pt., Luzon, P.I. 1 Feb. 1945
PC 1261 Off France 6 June 1944 PT 79 Off Talin Pt., Luzon, P.I. 1 Feb. 1945
PC 1603 26 25 N, 127 56 E 21 May 1945 PT 107 Off New Ireland 18 June 1944
SC 521 11 03 S, 164 50 E 10 July 1945 PT 109 In Blackett Straits, Solomons 2 Aug. 1943
SC 694 Off Palermo, Sicily 23 Aug. 1943 PT 110 Off Guadalcanal I., Solomons 26 Jan. 1944
SC 696 Off Palermo, Sicily 23 Aug. 1943 PT 111 Off Guadalcanal I., Solomons 1 Feb. 1943
SC 700 Vella Lavella, Solomons 10 March 1944 PT 112 Off Guadalcanal I., Solomons 10 Jan. 1943
SC 709 Cape Breton, Nova Scotia 21 Jan. 1943 PT 113 Off Buna, New Guinea 8 Aug. 1943
SC 740 15 32 S, 147 06 E 17 June 1943 PT 117 Rendova Harbor, Solomons 1 Aug. 1943
SC 744 Tacloban Bay, P.I. 27 Nov. 1944 PT 118 Vella Lavella, Solomons 7 Sept. 1943
SC 984 In New Hebrides 9 April 1944 PT 119 Off Tufi, New Guinea 17 March 1943
SC 1019 22 28 N, 84 30 W 22 April 945 PT 121 5 S, 151 E 27 March 1944
SC 1024 35 12 N, 74 57 W 2 March 1943 PT 123 Off Guadalcanal I., Solomons 1 Feb. 1943
SC 1059 In Bahama Islands 12 Dec. 1944 PT 133 Off New Guinea 15 July 1944
SC 1067 Off Attu, Aleutians 19 Nov. 1943 PT 135 5 29 S, 152 09 E 12 April 1944
  GUNBOATS PT 136 Vitiaz Strait, New Guinea 17 Sept. 1943
PGM 7 Bismarck Sea 18 July 1944 PT 145 New Guinea 4 Jan. 1944
PGM 17 Off Okinawa 4 May 1945 PT 147 New Guinea 19 Nov. 1943
PGM 18 26 13 N, 127 54 E 8 April 1945 PT 153 Solomons 4 July 1943
ASHEVILLE South of Java, N.E.I. 3 March 1942 PT 158 Off Munda Pt., Solomons 5 July 1943
ERIE 12 03 N, 68 58 W 12 Nov. 1942 PT 164 In Rendova Harbor, Solomons 1 Aug. 1943
LUZON At Corregidor, P.I. 5 May 1942 PT 165 23 45 S, 166 30 E 23 May 1943
MINDANAO Off Corregidor, P.I. 2 May 1942 PT 166 Solomons 20 July 1943
OAHU At Corregidor, P.I. 4 May 1942 PT 172 Off Vella Lavella, Solomons 7 Sept. 1943
PLYMOUTH 37 22 N, 74 25 W 5 Aug. 1943 PT 173 23 45 S, 165 30 E 23 May 1943
ST. AUGUSTINE 38 00 N, 75 05 W 6 Jan. 1944 PT 193 00 55 S, 134 52 E 20 July 1943
WAKE At Shanghaii, China 8 Dec. 1941 PT 200 41 N, 71 W 22 Feb. 1944
PE 56 Portland, Maine 23 April 1945 PT 202 43 23 N, 6 43 E 16 Aug. 1944
  COAST GUARD VESSELS PT 218 43 23 N, 6 43 E 16 Aug. 1944
CG 58012 41 53 N, 70 30 W 2 May 1943 PT 219 Off Attu, Aeutians Sept. 1943
CG 83415 Off France 21 June 1944 PT 239 Solomons 14 Dec. 1943
CG 83421 26 14 N, 79 05 W 30 June 1943 PT 247 6 38 S, 156 01 E 5 May 1944
CG 83471 Off France 21 June 1944 PT 251 Off Bougainville I., Solomons 26 Feb. 1944
ACACIA Caribbean Sea 15 March 1942 PT 279 Off Bougainville I., Solomons 11 Feb. 1944
ALEXANDER HAMILTON Off Iceland 29 Jan. 1942 PT 283 Off Bougainville I., Solomons 17 March 1944
BEDLOE Off Cape Hatteras 14 Sept. 1944 PT 300 Off Mindoro I., P.I. 18 Dec. 1944
BODEGA Gulf of Mexico 20 Dec. 1943 PT 301 Off New Guinea 7 Nov. 1944
CATAMOUNT Off Ambrose Light, New York 27 March 1943 PT 311 43 N, 9 E 18 Nov. 1944
DOW Caribbean Sea 15 Oct. 1943 PT320 Off Leyte, P.I. 5 Nov. 1944
ESCANABA 60 50 n, 52 00 w 13 June 1943 PT 321 San Isidoro Bay, P.I. 11 Nov. 1944
JACKSON Off North Atlantic Coast 14 Sept. 1944 PT 322 Off New Guinea 23 Nov. 1943
NATSEK Belle Island Strait 17 Dec. 1942 PT 323 10 33 N, 125 23 E 10 Dec. 1944
VINEYARD SOUND Vineyard Sound 14 Sept. 1944 PT 337 Hansa Bay, New Guinea 7 March 1944
WILCOX Off Cape Hatteras 30 Sept. 1943 PT 338 12 06 N, 121 23 E 28 Jan. 1945
SEAPLANE TENDERS   PT 339 Off Biak, New Guinea 27 May 1944
GANNETT Off Bermuda 7 June 1942 PT 346 Off New Britain 29 April 1944
LANGLEY South of Java, N.E.I. 27 Feb. 1942      
THORNTON 24 24 N, 128 58 E 5 April 1945      

[70]

Name of Ship      Location         Date                        Name of Ship Location           Date                    
MOTOR TORPEDO BOATS--Concluded TANK LANDING CRAFT--Concluded    
PT 347 Off New Britain 29 April 1944 LCT 30 Off Northern France 6 June 1944
PT 353 5 S, 151 E 27 March 1944 LCT 35 Off Anzio, Italy 15 Feb. 1944
PT 363 Kaoe Bay, Halmahera, N.E.I. 25 Nov. 1944 LCT 36 Off Naples, Italy 26 Feb. 1944
PT 368 Off Halmahera, N.E.I. 11 Oct. 1944 LCT 71 53 38 N, 146 5 W 11 Sept. 1943
PT 371 2 05 N, 127 51 E 19 Sept. 1944 LCT 147 Off Northern France June 1944
PT 493 In Surigao Strait, P.I. 25 Oct. 1944 LCT154 37 8 N, 10 58 E 31 Aug. 1943
PT 509 English Channel 9 Aug. 1944 LCT 175 4 27 N, 133 40 E 31 Aug. 1943
PT 555 Off Cape Couronne, Mediterranean 23 Aug. 1944 LCT 182 Solomons 7 Aug. 1944
  TANK LANDING SHIPS LCT 185 Off Bizerte, Tunisia 24 Jan. 1944
LST 6 In Seine River, France 18 Nov. 1944 LCT 196 Off Salerno, Italy 27 Sept. 1943
LST 43 Pearl Harbor 21 May 1944 LCT 197 Off northern France 6 June 1944
LST 69 Pearl Harbor 21 May 1944 LCT 200 Off northern France June 1944
LST 158 Off Licarta, Sicily 11 July 1943 LCT 208 Off Algeria 30 June 1943
LST 167 At Vella Lavella 25 Sept. 1943 LCT 209 Off northern France 10 June 1944
LST 179 Pearl Harbor 21 May 1944 LCT 215 Off Salerno, Italy 1943
LST 203 Near Nanumea, Union Islands 1 Oct. 1943 LCT 220 At Anzio, Italy 13 Feb. 1944
LST 228 In Azores 20 Jan. 1944 LCT 241 Off Salerno, Italy 15 Sept. 1943
LST 282 Off southern France 15 Aug. 1944 LCT 242 Off Naples, Italy 2 Dec. 1943
LST 313 At Gela, Sicily 10 July 1943 LCT 244 Off northern France June 1944
LST 314 49 43 N, 00 52 W 9 June 1944 LCT 253 On passage to Tarawa 21 Jan. 1945
LST 318 Off Caronia, Sicily 9 Aug. 1943 LCT 293 In English Channel 11 Oct. 1944
LST 333 37 59 N, 4 01 E 22 June 1943 LCT 294 Off northern France 6 June 1944
LST 342 9 03 S, 158 11 E 18 July 1943 LCT 305 Off northern France 6 June 1944
LST 348 40 57 N, 13 14 E 20 Feb. 1944 LCT 311 Off Bizerte, Tunisia 9 Aug. 1943
LST 349 Off Ponzo, Italy 26 Feb. 1944 LCT 315 At Eniwetok Atoll 23 March 1944
LST 353 Pearl Harbor 21 May 1944 LCT 319 At Kiska 27 Aug. 1943
LST 359 42 N, 19 W 20 Dec. 1944 LCT 332 Off northern France 6 June 1944
LST 376 Off northern France 9 June 1944 LCT 340 36 49 N, 11 55 E 20 Feb. 1944
LST 396  8 18 S, 156 55 E 18 Aug. 1943 LCT 342 Off Salerno, Italy 29 Sept. 1943
LST 447 26 9 N, 127 18 E 6 April 1945 LCT 362 Off northern France 6 June 1944
LST 448 Off Vella Lavella, Solomons 1 Oct. 1943 LCT 364 Off northern France 6 June 1944
LST 460 11 10 N, 121 11 E 21 Dec. 1944 LCT 366 53 1 N, 152 W 9 Sept. 1943
LST 472 Off Mindoro, P.I. 15 Dec. 1944 LCT 413 Off northern France June 1944
LST 480 AT Pearl Harbor 21 May 1944 LCT 458 Off northern France 7 June 1944
LST493 50 20 N, 4 09 W 12 April 1945 LCT 459 Off western France 9 Oct. 1944
LST 496 Off northern France 11 June 1944 LCT 486 Off northern France 7 June 1944
LST 499 Off northern France 8 June 1944 LCT 496 English Channel 2 Oct. 1943
LST 507 50 29 N, 2 52 W 28 April 1944 LCT548 At Portsmouth, England Nov. 1944
LST 523 Off northern France 19 June 1944 LCT 555 Off northern France 6 June 1944
LST 531 50 29 N, 2 52 W 28 April 1944 LCT 572 Off northern France  June 1944
LST 563 Southwest of Mexico 22 Dec. 1944 LCT 579 Off Palau 4 Oct. 1944
LST 577 8 1 N, 130 22 E 11 Feb. 1945 LCT 582 In Azores 22 Jan. 1944
LST 675 Off Okinawa 4 April 1945 LCT 593 Off northern France 6 June 1944
LST 738 Off Mindoro, P.I. 15 Dec. 1944 LCT 597 Off northern France 6 June 1944
LST 749 11 10 N, 121 11 E 21 Dec. 1944 LCT 612 Off northern France 6 June 1944
LST 750 Off Negros, P.I. 28 Decx. 1944 LCT 703 Off northern France 6 June 1944
LST 808 Off Ie Shima 20 May 1945 LCT 713 Off northern France June 1944
LST 906 At Leghorn, Italy 18 Oct. 1944 LCT 714 Off northern FRance June 1944
LST 921 In English Channel 14 Aug. 1944 LCT 777 Off northern France 6 June 1944
  MEDIUM LANDING SHIPS LCT 823 Off Palau 27 Sept. 1944
LSM 12 Off Okinawa 4 April 1945 LCT 961 Pearl Harbor 21 May 1944
LSM 20 10 12 N, 125 19 E 5 Decc. 1944 LCT 963 Pearl Harbor 21 May 1944
LSM 59 Off Okinawa 21 June 1945 LCT 983 Pearl Harbor 21 May 1944
LSM 135 Off Okinawa 25 May 1945 LCT 984 20 N, 157 W 15 May 1944
LSM 149 In Philippines 5 Dexc. 1944 LCT 988 20 N, 157 W 15 May 1944
LSM 190 26 35 N, 127 10 E 4 May 1945 LCT 1029 At Iwo Jima 2 March 1945
LSM 194 Off Okinawa 4 May 1945 LCT 1075 Off Leyte, P.I. 10 Dec. 1944
LSM 195 Off Okinawa 3 May 1945 LCT 1090 Off Luzon, P.I. 26 March 1945
LSM 318 10 56 N, 124 38 E 7 Dec. 1944 LCT 1151 1 N, 138 36 E 26 Jan. 1945
  TANK LANDING CRAFT LCT 1358 Off California 4 May 1945
LCT 19 Off Salerno, Italy 14 July 1943 INFANTRY LANDING CRAFT  
LCT 21 Off Oran 1 Jan. 1943 LCI 1 At Bizerte, Tunisia 17 Aug 1943
LCT 23 At Algeria 3 May 143 LCI 20 Off Anzio, Italy 22 Jan. 1944
LCT 25 Off northern France 6 June 1944 LCI 32 Off Anzio, Italy 26 Jan. 1944
LCT 26 41 4 N, 13 30 E 25 Feb. 1944 LCI 82 Off Okinawa 4 April 2945
LCT 27 Off northern France 6 June 1944 LCI 85 Off northern France 6 June 1944
LCT 28 In Mediterranean 30 May 1943 LCI 91 Off northern France 6 June 1944
      LCI 92 Off northern France 6 June 1944
      LCI 93 Off northern France 6 June 1944
      LCI 219 Off northern France 11 June 1944
      LCI 232 Off northern France 6 June 1944
      LCI 339 Off New Guinea 4 Sept. 1943
      LCI 365 Off Luzon, P.I.  10 Jan. 1945
      LCI 416 Off northern France 9 June 1944

[71]

Name of Ship                  Location           Date        Name of Ship                     Location        Date         
INFANTRY LANDING CRAFT--Concluded   DISTRICT PATROL CRAFT--Concluded  
LCI 459 Off Palau 19 Sept. 1944 YP 73 In Kodiak Harboar, Alaska 15 Jan. 1945
LCI 468 13 28 N, 148 18 E 17 June 1944 YP 74 54 23 N, 164 10 W 6 Sept. 1942
LCI 474 Off Iwo Jima 17 Feb. 1945 YP 77 Off Atlantic Coast 28 April 1942
LCI 497 Off northern France 6 June 1944 YP 88 At Amchitka, Aleutians 28 Oct. 1943
LCI 553 Off northern France 6 June 1944 YP 94 56 32 N, 154 22 W 18 Feb. 1945
LCI 600 In Ulithi, Carolines 12 Jan. 1945 YP 95 At Adak, Aleutians 1 May 1944
LCI 684 In Southwest Pacific 1945 YP 97 Philippines March 1942
LCI 974 16 6 N, 120 14 E 10 Jan 1945 YP 128 Off Monterey, California 30 June 1942
LCI 1065 Off Leyte, P.I. 24 Oct. 1944 YP 183 On west coast of Hawaii 12 Jan. 1943
      YP 205 18 30 N, 122 06 W 30 jUNE 1942
  SUPPORT LANDING CRAFT YP 235 In Gulf of Mexico 1 April 1943
LCS 7 Off Luzon, P.I. 16 Feb. 1945 YP 270 25 30 N, 122 06 W  30 June 1942
LCS 15 27 20 N, 127 10 E 22 April 1945 YP 277 East of Hawaii 23 May 1942
LCS 26  Off Luzon, P.I. 14 Feb. 1945 YP 279 Off Townsville, Australia 5 Sept. 1943
LCS 33 Off Okinawa 12 April 1945 YP 281 16 33 S, 177 18 W 9 Jan. 1944
LCS 49 Off Luzon, P.I. 14 Feb. 1945 YP 284 Off Guadalcanal I., Solomons 25 Oct. 1942
LCS 127 Off California 5 March 1945 YP 331 24 56 N, 81 58 W 23 May 1944
      YP 336 In Delaware River 23 Feb. 1943
  TUGS        
ATR 15 49 N, 00 26 W 19 June 1944 YP 345 Southeast of Midway 31 Oct. 1942
ATR 98 44 05 N, 24 08 W 12 April 1944 YP 383 8 22 N, 79 29 W 24 Nov. 1944
GENESEE At Corregidor, P.I. 5 May 1942 YP 387 39 N, 75 W 20 May 1942
GREBE In South Pacific 2 Jan. 1943 YP 389 Off Cape Hatteras 19 June 1942
NAPA At Bataan, P.I. 8 Spril 1942 YP 405 In Caribbean Sea 20 Nov. 1942
NAUSET 40 38 N, 14 38 E 9 Sept. 1943 YP 422 Off New Caedonia 23 April 1943
NAVAJO Off New Hebrides 11 Sept. 1943 YP 426 31 59 N, 80 48 W 16 Dec. 1943
PARTRIDGE Off northern France 11 June 1944 YP 438 AT Port Everglades, Fla. 20 March 1943
SEMINOLE Off Tulagi I., Solomons 25 Oct. 1942 YP 453 In the Bahamas 15 April 1943
SONOMA At Leyte, P.I. 24 Oct. 1944 YP 481 At Charleston, SC 25 April 1943
      YP 492 Off east Florida 8 Jan. 1943
  TANKERS YP 577 Great Lakes 23 Jan. 1943
KANAWHA 9 10 S, 160 12 E 7 April 1943 MISCELLANEOUS DISTRICT CRAFT  
MISSISSINEWA 10 6 N, 139 43 E 20 Nov. 1944 YA 52 Philippines 1942
NECHES 21 1 N, 160 6 W 23 Jan. 1942 YA 59 Philippines 1942
NEOSHO Coral Sea 7 May 1942 YA 65 Philippines 1942
PECOS 14 30 S, 106 30 E 1 March 1942 YAG 2 Philippines 1942
SHEEPSCOT Off Iwo Jima 6 June 1945 YAG 3 Philippines  1942
  TROOP TRANSPORTS YAG 4 Philippines  1942
APC 21 Off New Britain 17 Dec. 1943 YAG 17 36 57 N, 76 13 W 14 Sept. 1944
APC 35 Off New Georgia, Solomons 22 Sept. 1943 YC 178 Philippines 1942
BARRY Off Okinawa 22 Sept. 1943 YC 181 Philippines 1942
BATES Off Okinawa 25 May 1945 YC 523 Off Portsmouth, N.H. 24 Feb. 1944
COLHOUN 9 24 S, 160 1 E 30 Aug. 1942 YC 537 Philippines Off Okinawa1942
DICKERSON Off Okinawa 2 April 1945 YC 643 Philippines 1942
EDWARD RUTLEDGE Off Morocco 12 Nov. 1942 YC 644 Philippines 1942
GEORGE F. ELLIOTT Off Guadalcanal I., Solomons 8 Aug. 1942 YC 646 Philippines  1942
GREGORY Off Guadalcanal I., Solomons 5 Sept. 1942 YC 647 Philippines 1942
HUGH L SCOTT Off Morocco 12 Nov. 1942 YC 648 Philippines 1942
JOHN PENN Off Guadalcanal I., Solomons 13 Aug. 1943 YC 652 Philippines 1942
JOSEPH HEWES Off Morocco 11 Nov. 1942 YC 653 Philippines 1942
LEEDSTOWN Off Algiers 9 Nov. 1942 YC 654 Philippines  1942
LITTLE Solomons 5 Sept. 1942 YC 664 Guam 1942
Mc CAWLEY 8 25 S, 157 28 E 30 June 1943 YC 665 Guam 1942
Mc KEAN 6 31 S, 154 52 E 17 Nov. 1943 YC 666 Guam 1942
NOA 7 1 N, 134 30 E 12 Sept. 1944 YC 667 Guam 1942
SUSAN B. ANTHONY 49 32 N, 00 48 W 7 June 1944 YC 668 Guam 1942
TASKER H. BLISS Off Morocco 12 Nov. 1942 YC 669 Philippines 1942
THOMAS STONE 37 31 N, 00 00 E 7 Nov.1942 YC 670 Guam 1942
WARD 10 51 N, 124 32 E 7 Dec. 1944 YC 671 Guam 1942
      YC 672 Guam 1942
  DISTRICT PATROL CRAFT YC 673 Guam  1942
YP 16  Philippines Dec. 1941 YC 674 Guam 1942
YP 17 Philippines Dec. 1941 YC 683 Philippines 1942
YP 26 In Canal Zone 19 Nov. 1942 YC 685 Guam 1942
YP 47 Off Staten Island, New York 26 April 1943 YC 693 Alaska Feb. 1945
YP 72 At Adak, Aleutians 22 Feb. 1943 YC 714 Philippines 1942
      YC 715 Philippines 1942
      YC 716 Philippines 1942
      YC 717 Guam 1942
      YC 718 Guam 1942
      YC 857 Off Cape Cod, Mass. 1942
      YC 869 Off Imperial Beach, Calif. 23 March 1943

[72]

Name of Ship Location                 Date                  Name of Ship Location                Date              
MISCELLANEOUS DISTRICT CRAFT--Continued   MISCELLANEOUS DISTRICT CRAFT--Concluded  
YC 886 Guantanamo 3 Feb. 1943 YMS 385 Off Ulithi, Caroline Island 1 Oct. 1944
YC 887 Guantanamo 3 Feb. 1943 YMS 409 Off Atlantic Coast 14 Sept. 1944
YC 891 Off Key West, Fla. 18 April 1943 YMS 481 Off Tarakan, Borneo 2 May 1945
YC 898 Off Key West, Fla. 29 Sept. 1942 YO 41 Philippines 1942
YC 899 Off Key West, Fla. 29 Sept. 1942 YO 42 Philippines 1942
YC 912 In North Pacific 13 Jan. 1945 YO 64 Philippines Jan. 1942
YC 961 At Biorka Island May 1945 YO 156 At Sitka, Alaska May 1945
YC 970 In Puget Sund, Wash. 14 Aug 1943 YO 157 At Sitka, Alaska May 1945
YC 1272 Near San Pedro June 1945 YO 159 Off New Hebrides 14 jan. 1944
YC 1278 Off Atlantic coast 10 March 1943 YPD 22 Philippines 1942
YCF 23 En route to Einwetok March 1945 YPK 6 Philippines 1942
YCF 29 En route to Einwetok March 1945 YPK 7 Philippines 1942
YCF 36 En route to Einwetok March 1945 YR 43 In Gulf of Alaska 28 March 1945
YCF 37 En route to Einwetok March 1945 YRC 4 Philippines 1942
YCF 42 34 47 N, 75 5 W Dec. 1944 YSP 41 Philippines 1942
YCF 59 Off Deleware Jan. 1945 YSP 42 Philippines 1942
YCK 1 Wake Island 1942 YSP 43 Philippines 1942
YCK 2 45 47 N, 58 57 W 5 Nov. 1943 YSP 44 Philippines 1942
YCK 8 Off Key West, Fla. 15 Dec. 1943 YSP 45 Philippines 1942
YD 19 Philippines 1942 YSP 46 Philippines 1942
YD 47 Philippines 1942 YSP 47 Philippines 1942
YD 56 Philippines 1942 YSP 48 Philippines 1942
YD 60 Philippines 1942 YSP 49 Philippines 1942
YDG 4 Off New Caledonia 1 Oct. 1943 YSP 50 Philippines 1942
YF 86 Philippines 1942 YSR 2 Philippines 1942
YF 177 Philippines 1942 BANAAG Philippines 1942
YF 178 Philippines 1942 IONA Philippines 1942
YF 179 Philippines 1942 MERCEDES Philippines 1942
YF 180 Philippines 1942 VAGA At Corregidor. P.I. 5 May 1942
YF 181 Philippines 1942 YT 198 Off Anzio, Italy 18 Feb. 1944
YF 212 Philippines 1942 YT 247 14 14 N, 158 59 W 5 April 1944
YF 223 Philippines 1942 SHAHAKA 27 21 N, 13 29 W 9 May 1944
YF 223 Philippines 1942 YTM 467 Marshall or Gilbert Islands March 1944
YF 224 Philippines 1942 YW 50 Guam 1942
YF 230 Philippines 1942 YW 54 Philippines 1942
YF 317 Philippines 1942 YW 55 Guam 1942
YF 401 35 7 N, 69 W 20 June 1943 YW 58 Guam 1942
YF 415 42 24 N, 70 36 W 11 May 1944      
YF 487 In Caribbean 18 July 1943 CARGO VESSELS  
YF 575 Off Atlantic City, N.J. 6 May 1943 ALUDRA 11 26 S, 162 E 23 June 1943
YF 579 At San Francisco 20 Sept. 1943 DEIMOS 11 26 S, 162 E 23 June 1943
YF 724 Off Farallones 22 March 1945 POLLUX Off Newfoundland Coast 18 Feb. 1942
YF 725 Off Farallones 22 March 1945 SERPENS At Guadalcanal I., Solomons 29 Jan. 1945
YF 926 En route to Pearl Harbor 8 March 1945      
SAN FELIPE Philippines  1942 MISCELLANEOUS AUXILIARIES  
SANTA RITA Philippines 1942 AILANTHUS In Aleutians 26 Feb. 1944
ROSAL Philippines 1942 ASPHALT At Saipan 6 Oct. 1944
CAMIA Philippines 1942 CANOPUS At Bataan, P.I. 10 April 1942
DAPDAP Philippines 1942 CYTHERA Off Atlantic Coast May 1942
RIVERA Philippines 1942 EXTRACTOR In Marianas 1 Jan. 1945
MAGDALENA Philippines 1942 MACAW At Midway Channel 12 Feb. 1944
YACAL Philippines 1942 MOONSTONE Off Delaware Capes 16 Oct. 1943
DEWEY DRYDOCK At Bataan, P.I. 10 April 1942 MOUNT HOOD At Manus, Admiralty Islands 10 Nov. 1944
YFD 20 Off California 31 jan. 1943 MUSKEGET In Atlantic Ocean 10 Oct. 1042
YG 39 10 10 N, 79 51 W 27 Sept. 1944 NIAGARA In Solomons 23 May 1943
YM 4 Philippines 1942 PIGEON At Corregidor, P.I. 3 May 1942
YM 13 Guam 1942 PONTIAC Off Halifax, Nova Scotia 30 Jan. 1945
YMS 14 In Boston Harbor 11 Jan. 1945 PORCUPINE At Mindoro, P.I. 28 Dec. 1944
YMS 19 Off Palau 24 Sept. 1944 REDWING 37 22 N, 9 55 E 28 June 1943
YMS 21 43 6 N, 5 54 E 1 Sept. 1944 RESCUER In Aleutians 1 Jan. 1943
YMS 24 43 23 N, 6 43 E 16 Aug. 1944 ROBERT BARNES Guam Dec. 1941
YMS 30 41 23 N, 12 45 E 25 Jan. 1944 RONAKI Off eastern Australia 18 June 1943
YMS 39 1 19 S, 116 49 E 26 June 1945 UTAH Pearl Harbor 7 Dec. 1941
YMS 48 14 25 N, 120 34 E 14 Feb. 1945 ex FISHERIES At Corregidor, P.I. 5 May 1942
YMS 50 Off Java, N.E.I. 18 June 1945 ex MARYANN At Corregidor, P.I. 5 May 1942
YMS 70 In Leyte Gulf, P.I. 17 Oct 1944 ex PERRY At Corregidor, P.I. 5 May 1942
YMS 71 4 58 N, 119 47 E 3 April 1945 DCH 1 En  rouute to Pearl Harbor 28 Dec. 1941
YMS 84 Off Balikpapan, Borneo 9 July 1945      
YMS 103 26 13 N, 127 54 E 8 April 1945      
YMS 127 Near Seattle, Wash. May 1944      
YMS 133 Off Oregon Coast 20 Feb. 1943      
YMS 304 Off northern France 30 July 1944      
YMS 350 Off Cherbourg 2 July 1944      
YMS 365 1 18 S, 116 50 E 26 June 1945      
YMS 378 49 33 N, 1 13 W 1944      

In the above list the dates are those of the effective loss; that is, the date of the attack or damage which resulted in loss, rather than that of sinking.


The United States News


U.S.S. Missouri, over this spot on 2 September 1945 the instrument of formal surrender of Japan to the Allied Powers was signed thus bringing to a close the Second World War

Published: Mon Jun 22 09:59:17 EDT 2020