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Part 1 - Personal Decorations

Contents

PART I
Personal Decorations
Section Page
1. General Instructions 1
  (1) Purpose 1
  (2) Recommendations 1
  (3) Time limits 2
  (4) Delegation of authority 2
  (5) Posthumous Awards 2
  (6) Presentation of Decorations 2
  (7) Replacement of Medals 2
  (8) Limitation of Medals 2
  (9) Appurtenances and Devices for Decorations and Medals 2
    (a) Gold Stars 2
  (b) Bronze Stars 2
  (c) Hour Glass Device 2
  (d) Silver letter "W" 2
  (e) Bronze letter "A" 2
  (f) Combat Distinguishing Device 3
  (g) Fleet Marine Force Combat Operation Insignia 3
  (h) Bronze Maltese Cross 3
  (i) Clasps:  
      Asia Clasp 3
  Base Clasp 3
  Europe Clasp 3
  Fleet Clasp 3
  Wake Island Clasp 3
  World War I Victory Medal, Service Clasps for 3
2. Precedence of Decorations and Awards 3
3. Table of Regulations concerning Navy Decorations and Ribbons 4
4. Navy Decorations - Requirements for 6
  (1) (a) Decorations awarded Naval Personnel
(b) Decorations that may be awarded Civilians
6
  (2) Medal of Honor 6
  (3) Medal of Honor (1917-1918) 6
  (4) Medal of Honor Roll 6
  (5) Brevet Medal 7
  (6) Navy Cross 7
  (7) Distinguished Service Medal 7
  (8) Silver Star Medal 7
  (9) Legion of Merit 7
  (10) Distinguished Flying Cross 8
  (11) Navy and Marine Corps Medal 8
  (12) Bronze Star Medal 9
  (13) Air Medal 9
  (14) Navy Commendation Ribbon with Metal Pendant 9
  (15) Purple Heart 9
  (16) Specially Meritorious Medal - War with Spain 10

Part I. - Personal Decorations

RIBBONS OF DECORATIONS AND AWARDS


MEDAL OF HONOR

NAVY CROSS

NAVY
DISTINGUISHED
SERVICE MEDAL

SILVER STAR MEDAL

LEGION OF MERIT

DISTINGUISHED
FLYING CROSS

NAVY AND MARINE
CORPS MEDAL

BRONZE STAR MEDAL

AIR MEDAL

NAVY
COMMENDATION
RIBBON

COAST GUARD
COMMENDATION RIBBON

PURPLE HEART

SPECIALLY
MERITORIOUS
MEDAL

PRESIDENTIAL
UNIT
CITATION

NAVY UNIT COMMENDATION

GOLD
LIFESAVING
MEDAL

SILVER
LIFESAVING
MEDAL

RESERVE SPECIAL
COMMENDATION
RIBBON

NAVY GOOD
CONDUCT MEDAL

MARINE CORPS GOOD CONDUCT MEDAL

COAST GUARD GOOD CONDUCT MEDAL

NAVAL RESERVE
MEDAL

ORGANIZED MARINE CORPS
RESERVE MEDAL

DEWEY MEDAL

SAMPSON MEDAL

PERRY POLAR
EXPEDITION
MEDAL

NC-4 MEDAL

BYRD ANTARCTIC
EXPEDITION
MEDAL

SECOND BYRD
ANTARCTIC
EXPEDITION MEDAL

U.S. ANTARCTIC
EXPEDITION MEDAL
1939-1941

CIVIL WAR
MEDAL

NAVY EXPEDITIONARY MEDAL

MARINE CORPS EXPEDITIONARY MEDAL

SPANISH
CAMPAIGN MEDAL

PHILIPPINE
CAMPAIGN MEDAL

CHINA RELIEF
EXPEDITION MEDAL

CUBAN
PACIFICATION
MEDAL

NICARAGUAN
CAMPAIGN MEDAL
1912

MEXICAN
SERVICE MEDAL

HAITIAN
CAMPAIGN MEDAL
1915

DOMINICAN
CAMPAIGN MEDAL

VICTORY MEDAL
WORLD WAR I

HAITIAN
CAMPAIGN MEDAL
(1919-1920)

SECOND NICARAGUAN
CAMPAIGN MEDAL

YANGTZE
SERVICE MEDAL

CHINA SERVICE
MEDAL

AMERICAN DEFENSE
SERVICE MEDAL

AMERICAN
CAMPAIGN MEDAL

EUROPEAN-AFRICAN-
MIDDLE EASTERN
CAMPAIGN MEDAL

ASIATIC-PACIFIC
CAMPAIGN MEDAL

VICTORY MEDAL
WORLD WAR II

MEDAL FOR
HUMANE ACTION

NAVY OCCUPATION
SERVICE MEDAL

NATIONAL DEFENSE
SERVICE MEDAL

KOREAN SERVICE
MEDAL

ARMED FORCES
RESERVE MEDAL

MARINE CORPS
RESERVE RIBBON

UNITED NATIONS
SERVICE MEDAL

PHILIPPINE
DEFENSE RIBBON

PHILIPPINE
LIBERATION RIBBON

PHILIPPINE
INDEPENDENCE
RIBBON

NAVY DISTINGUISHED
MARKSMANSHIP BADGE

NAVY DISTINGUISHED
PISTOL SHOT BADGE

COAST GUARD DISTINGUISHED RIFLEMAN AND  PISTOL SHOT MEDAL
   
NAVY
EXPERT RIFLEMAN
MEDAL

NAVY EXPERT
PISTOL SHOT
MEDAL

COAST GUARD
EXPERT RIFLEMAN
MEDAL

COAST GUARD
EXPERT PISTOL
SHOT MEDAL
   

Section 1. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

1. Purpose. The primary purpose of decorations is public recognition of acts of heroism performed and outstanding services rendered which were above and beyond that normally expected and which distinguished the individual or unit among those performing similar acts or service. A judicious use of decorations provides incentive to greater effort and builds morale; an injudicious use will destroy basic value. Promptness with which decorations are presented is an important morale factor.

2. Recommendations. Recommendations for awards of decorations may be initiated by any officer and submitted via official channels to the Secretary of the Navy or, in time of war, to the appropriate officer having been delegated authority by the Secretary of the Navy to make awards. Recommendations should be submitted as promptly as practicable after the performance of the act or service. Such recommendations should meet the following conditions:

a. Be based upon known facts and include, if practicable, the incontestable testimony of at least two eyewitnesses.

b. Contain a complete and yet concise description of the act or service including dates and exact information concerning the status of the person recommended at the time the act or service was performed.

c. Be submitted in such detail that the awarding authority may determine whether or not the act or service meets the requirements for the award.

d. Be accompanied by a proposed citation.

e. All recommendations for unit awards shall be forwarded via operational commanders, type commanders (when appropriate), and the Chief of Naval Operations for pertinent comments and positive recommendations before further transmittal to the Navy Department Board of Decorations and Medals. All recommendations for unit awards should be made in accordance with Part II of this manual.

f. In the event any Navy or Marine Corps unit recommended for a unit award operated under a joint commander for any portion of the time contained in the recommendation, an expression of opinion concerning the meritorious services of that unit shall be obtained from the joint commander concerned.

g. All recommendations for the Medal of Honor, Navy Cross, and Distinguished Service Medal shall be forwarded via the administrative chain of command and the Chief of Naval Operations for pertinent comments and positive recommendations before transmittal to the Navy Department Board of Decorations and Medals. In the case of proposed Marine Corps recipients for the Medal of Honor, Navy Cross, or Distinguished Service Medal, the recommendations should be forwarded via the Commandant of the Marine Corps, before transmittal to the Chief of Naval Operations.

h. All recommendations for awards to flag or general officers shall be forwarded via the Chief of Naval Operations before transmittal to the Board of Decorations and Medals. In the case of Marine Corps general officers, the Commandant of the Marine Corps should make his recommendation via the Chief of Naval Operations.

i. After action by the Board of Decorations and Medals on recommendations for the Medal of Honor, Navy Cross, Distinguished Service Medal, and unit awards, the recommendation shall be transmitted to the Secretary of the Navy via the Chief of Naval Operations.

j. Disapproval of a recommendation by an officer subordinate to the commander or military department having authority to award the decoration will not alone constitute authority for the return of the recommendation to the initiator.

k. Lost recommendations. When the recommendations are made within the prescribed period of time and lost, the certificate of an officer or the affidavit of an enlisted man to the effect that the recommendation

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was made in the prescribed time limit and placed in official channels, accompanied by a statement of the substance of said recommendation, or preferably a copy thereof, may be accepted and the case considered on its own merits.

3. Time limits. Except in time of war or national emergency, recommendations for award of the Medal of Honor, Navy Cross, Distinguished Service Medal, Silver Star Medal, and Navy and Marine Corps Medal must be submitted within 3 years, and the award must be made within 5 years of the date of the act or service. Recommendations for the Distinguished Flying Cross must be initiated within 2 years, and the award must be made within 3 years of the date of the act or service. There is no established time limit for recommendation for; or award of the Legion of Merit, Bronze Star Medal. Air Medal, Letter of Commendation, Purple Heart, Presidential Unit Citation, or Navy Unit Commendation.

4. Delegation of authority. In time of war authority to award, except posthumously or in absentia, the Navy Cross, Legion of Merit, Silver Star Medal, Distinguished Flying Cross, Navy and Marine Corps Medal, Bronze Star Medal, Air Medal, and Purple Heart to personnel under their command may be delegated to all fleet commanders. Commanders in chief may be authorized by the Secretary of the Navy to delegate their authority to make the awards enumerated above to any flag commands within their fleets.

5. Posthumous awards. In case an individual who distinguishes himself dies before the making of an award to which he is entitled the award may nevertheless be made and the medal, cross, bar, or other emblem, or insignia presented to the official next of kin of the deceased within 5 years from the date of the act or service justifying the award thereof.

6. Presentation of decorations. If the recipient of a Medal of Honor is within reasonable distance, he will be ordered to Washington and the presentation will be made by the President of the United States, or by the Secretary of the Navy as the President's personal representative. Otherwise the Medal of Honor will be presented with appropriate ceremony by the senior officer present. All other awards will be presented by the Secretary of the Navy or the highest ranking officer present in accordance with established procedures. Presentation will be made with appropriate ceremony as soon as practicable after the award is authorized. Awards made posthumously will be presented to the next of kin of the recipient in accordance with established procedure, paralleling those made to living recipients.

7. Replacement of medals. Whenever a decoration, medal, bar, rosette or other device presented in accordance with existing laws and regulations, shall have been lost, destroyed, or rendered unfit for use, without fault or neglect on the part of the person to whom it was awarded, it shall be replaced without charge.

8. Limitation of medals. No more than one decoration of the same type shall be awarded to any one person, except when awarded as specified in section 15, but for each succeeding deed, act, or achievement sufficient to justify an award a gold star will be awarded in lieu thereof. Not more than one of the several decorations authorized by Federal law or Executive order will be awarded for the same act or service. No medal, cross, bar, or other emblem or insignia shall be awarded or presented to any individual or to the representative of any individual whose entire service subsequent to the time he distinguished himself shall not have been honorable.

9. Appurtenances and devices authorized for decorations and medals; stars for subsequent awards, and miscellaneous devices:

a. Gold stars. The gold stars presented in lieu of additional awards of the same decoration to be worn upon the suspension ribbon of the medal will be of a size inscribed in a circle five-sixteenths inch in diameter. Gold stars worn upon the ribbon representing the medal to indicate additional awards, shall be of a size inscribed in a circle five-sixteenths inch in diameter. In lieu of five stars, one silver star of the same dimensions will be worn on the ribbon bar or on the suspension ribbon of the medal.

b. Bronze stars. Bronze stars authorized to be worn upon the ribbon bars of the Commendation Ribbon, Presidential Unit Citation, Navy Unit Commendation, Navy Good Conduct Medal, Naval Reserve Medal, campaign and service medals, shall be of a size inscribed in a circle three-sixteenths inch in diameter. Bronze stars also may be worn on the suspension ribbon of Area Campaign medals and the Naval Reserve Medal. In lieu of five such stars, one silver star of a size inscribed in a circle five-sixteenths inch shall be worn.
The first star authorized to be worn upon a ribbon shall be centered upon the ribbon. If more than one star is worn they shall be placed in a horizontal line close to and symmetrically about the center of the ribbon. A silver star worn in lieu of five bronze or gold stars shall be located as near the center of the ribbon as the symmetrical arrangement permits. Stars shall be placed on the ribbon point down.

c. Hour glass device. The Hour Glass device, awarded in lieu of the second or subsequent Armed Forces Reserve Medal, is worn on the suspension ribbon and/or ribbon bar of the medal.

d. Silver letter W. Persons entitled to wear the Expeditionary Medal for Wake Island are authorized to wear a silver letter "W' on the service ribbon of the Navy Expeditionary Medal. Such letter shall be one-fourth inch in height and shall be worn centered on the service ribbon of the Navy Expeditionary Medal.

e. Bronze letter A. A bronze letter "A" is authorized to be worn on the ribbon of the American Defense Service Medal by personnel of the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard entitled thereto as specified in Part IV, Section 2 (15). Such letter

-- 2 --

shall be one-fourth inch in height and shall be worn centered on the ribbon. When the "A" is worn no star shall be worn upon the ribbon.

f. Combat distinguishing device, bronze letter V. Personnel who have been awarded the Legion of Merit, the Bronze Star or the Commendation Ribbon for acts or services involving direct participation in combat operations may be authorized to wear the Combat Distinguishing Device, a bronze block letter "V," one-fourth inch in height, in the center of the ribbon. Only one combat "V" may be worn on a single ribbon. Gold or silver stars indicating more than one award of the same decorations shall be arranged symmetrically, the first star to the wearer's right of the combat "V," the second to the left, etc.

Authorization to wear the Combat Distinguishing Device (Combat "V") does not of itself establish eligibility for combat retirement benefits, inasmuch as the Combat "V" is authorized for direct participation in combat operations, which may not have been in actual combat.

g. Fleet Marine Force Combat Operation Insignia. All Navy personnel who have served on duty with and have been attached to Fleet Marine Force units in active combat with an armed enemy, beginning with the hostilities in Korea and including any future wars, conflicts or insurrections are authorized to wear a miniature Marine Corps emblem on the appropriate campaign ribbon.

The insignia will be a bronze replica of the official U. S. Marine Corps emblem five-sixteenths inch in height and shall be worn centered on the appropriate campaign ribbon. Authorized engagement stars shall be arranged symmetrically on the ribbon in relation to the insignia, the first star to the wearer's right, the second to his left, etc. No individual shall wear more than one such insignia on a single campaign ribbon. For clarification, eligible personnel shall wear the insignia earned during the Korean action on the ribbon of the Korean Service Medal and on no other currently authorized ribbon.

Commanding officers will determine eligibility and issue authorizations for eligible personnel to wear this device. A copy of such authorization shall be made a permanent part of each individual's record. Eligibility may be determined by previous service record entries, by eligibility for engagement stars, receipt of combat decorations or combat pay while serving with the Marine Corps, or any other means available which conclusively indicate eligibility. The insignia will not be issued by the Department of the Navy, but authorized eligible personnel may purchase and wear the insignia.

h. Bronze Maltese Cross. A Bronze Maltese cross, three-sixteenths inch in diameter, is worn on World War I Victory Medal Service ribbon by Marine Corps and USN Medical Corps personnel who were attached to American Expeditionary Forces in France 6 April 1917 to 11 November 1918.

i. Clasps. "Asia" and "Europe" clasps are authorized to be worn on the ribbon of the Occupation Medal to denote service in Asia and Europe respectively.

"Fleet" clasp is authorized to be worn on the ribbon of the American Defense Service Medal to denote service on the high seas while attached to certain vessels or aircraft of the Atlantic, Pacific or Asiatic Fleet.

"Base" clasp is authorized to be worn on the ribbon of the American Defense Service Medal to denote service on shore at bases and naval stations outside the continental limits of the United States.

"Wake Island" clasp is authorized to be worn on the Navy Expeditionary Medal by personnel who served in the defense of Wake Island, 7 to 22 December, 1941.

Victory Medal (World War I) Service clasps with the duty inscribed thereon may be worn on the ribbon of the medal.

Section 2. PRECEDENCE OF DECORATIONS AND AWARDS

1. The precedence of decorations, medals, and badges authorized for the United States Navy and Marine Corps is as follows:

1. Medal of Honor.
2. Medal of Honor (1917-18) (no longer awarded).
3. Navy Cross.
4. Distinguished Service Medal.
5. Silver Star Medal.
6. Legion of Merit.
7. Distinguished Flying Cross.
8. Navy and Marine Corps Medal.
9. Bronze Star Medal.
10. Air Medal.
11. Commendation Ribbon with Metal Pendant.
12. Purple Heart.
13. Specially Meritorious Medal (no longer awarded).
14. Presidential Unit Citation.
15. Navy Unit Commendation.
16. Gold Life-Saving Medal.
17. Silver Life-Saving Medal.
18. Reserve Special Commendation Ribbon.
19. Good Conduct Medals (Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard).
20. Naval Reserve Medal.
21. Organized Marine Corps Reserve Medal.
22. Dewey Medal (medal commemorating Battle of Manila Bay).
23. Sampson Medal (medal commemorating naval engagements in the West Indies).
24. Peary Polar Expedition Medal (1908-09).
25. NC-4 Medal (commemorating the First Transatlantic Flight of the United States Naval flying boat in May 1919).
26. Byrd Antarctic Expedition Medal (1928-30).
27. Second Byrd Antarctic Expedition Medal (1933-35).
28. United States Antarctic Expedition Medal (1939-41).
29. Civil War Medal.

-- 3 --

30. Expeditionary Medal (Navy and Marine Corps).
31. Spanish Campaign Medal.
32. Philippine Campaign Medal.
33. China Relief Expedition Medal.
34. Cuban Pacification Medal.
35. Nicaraguan Campaign Medal (1912).
36. Mexican Service Medal.
37. Haitian Campaign Medal (1915).
38. Dominican Campaign Medal.
39. Victory Medal (World War I).
40. Haitian Campaign Medal (1919-20).
41. Second Nicaraguan Campaign Medal.
42. Yangtze Service Medal.
43. China Service Medal (1937-39).
44. American Defense Service Medal.
45. Area campaign medals (worn in order earned):

a. American Campaign Medal.
b. European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal.
c. Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal.

46. World War II Victory Medal.
47. Medal for Humane Action.
48. Navy Occupation Service Medal.
49. China Service Medal (extended, 2 September 1945 to indefinite date).
50. National Defense Service Medal.
51. Korean Service Medal.
52. Armed Forces Reserve Medal.
53. Marine Corps Reserve Ribbon.
54. United Nations Service Medal.
55. Philippine Defense Ribbon.
56. Philippine Liberation Ribbon.
57. Philippine Independence Ribbon.
58. Admiral Trenchard Section Navy League Medal (no longer issued).
59. Knox Gun-Pointer Medal (no longer issued).

SMALL ARMS MARKSMANSHIP MEDALS AND BADGES

Navy

1. Distinguished Marksman Badge (Gold).
2. Distinguished Pistol Shot Badge (Gold).
3. Expert Team Rifleman Medal (no longer issued).
4. National Trophy Match Rifleman "Place" Medals (Gold, Silver, Bronze).
5. Navy Rifleman "Place" Badges (Gold, Silver, Bronze).
6. Fleet Rifleman "Place" Badges (Gold, Silver, Bronze).
7. National Trophy Match Pistol Shot "Place" Medals (Gold, Silver, Bronze).
8. Navy Pistol Shot "Place" Badges (Gold, Silver, Bronze).
9. Fleet Pistol Shot "Place" Badges (Gold, Silver, Bronze).
10. Expert Rifleman Medal.
11. Expert Pistol Shot Medal.
12. Short-Range Battle Practice Medal (Midshipmen).
13. Medal for Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps.

Marine Corps

1. Distinguished Marksman Badge (Gold).
2. Distinguished Pistol Shot Badge (Gold).
3. Lauchheimer Trophy (Gold, Silver, Bronze).
4. Marine Corps Rifle Championship (Gold).
5. Marine Corps Pistol Championship (Gold).
6. Marine Corps Rifle Match (Gold, Silver, Bronze).
7. Marine Corps Pistol Match (Gold, Silver, Bronze).
8. Division Rifle Match (Gold, Silver, Bronze).
9. Division Pistol Match (Gold, Silver, Bronze).
10. San Diego, Elliott, or Wirgman Trophy Match (Gold).
11. Inter-Division Rifle Team Match (Gold).
12. Inter-Division Pistol Team Match (Gold).
13. Rifle Badges:
    Expert Rifleman, with requalification bar or bars.
    Sharpshooter.
    Marksman.
14. Basic Badges, with bars denoting the weapon and grade of qualification, viz:
    EX or SS-Pistol.
    EX or SS-Automatic Rifle.
    EX or SS-Carbine.
    EX or SS-Sub-Machine Gun.
    EX-Rifle-B (Reserves only).
    SS-Rifle-B (Reserves only).
    MM-Rifle-B (Reserves only).
    EX-Automatic Rifle-B, (Reserves only).
    SS-Automatic Rifle-B (Reserves only).

Order of precedence and manner of wearing decorations, medals, and ribbons, including non-Navy awards, are prescribed in United States Naval Uniform Regulations and Marine Corps Manual.

-- 4 --

Section 3. TABLE OF REGULATIONS CONCERNING NAVAL DECORATIONS AND RIBBONS1

Name of decoration
or ribbon
Authorized by Awarded to Awarded for Time limits for
recommendations
or awards
Medal of Honor Act of 21 Dec. 1861; act of 3 Mar. 1901; act of 3 Mar. 1915; act of 4 Feb. 1919; act of 7 Aug. 1942, which supersedes above acts. Any person who, while in the naval service of the United States, shall, in action involving actual combat with the enemy, or in the line of his profession, distinguish himself conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty and without detriment to the mission. Combat or non-combat. Must be recommended within 3 years from date of distinguished act or service, and awarded within 5 years from date of act or service.
Medal of Honor (1917-18) (no longer issued). Act of 4 Feb. 1919. Any person who, while in the naval service of the United States, shall, in action involving actual conflict with the enemy, distinguish himself conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty and without detriment to the mission. Combat only      Do.
Navy Cross Act of 4 Feb. 1919; act of 7 Aug. 1942. Any person serving with the naval service of the United States who distinguishes himself by extraordinary heroism in connection with military operation against an armed enemy. ---- do ----      Do.
Distinguished Service Medal ---- do ---- Any person who, while serving in any capacity with the Navy of the United States since 6 Apr. 1917, shall have distinguished himself by exceptionally meritorious service to the Government in a duty of great responsibility. Combat or non-combat.      Do.
Silver Star Medal Act of 7 Aug. 1942. Any person who while serving in any capacity with the Navy of the United States since 6 Dec. 1941, shall have distinguished himself conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity in action, not sufficient to justify the award of the Medal of Honor or Navy Cross; also cases of persons submitted previous to 7 Aug. 1942, recommended for Medal of Honor, Navy Cross or Distinguished Service Medal, and who were turned down, may be reconsidered, all cases to be considered on records now in Navy Department. Combat only Except when awarded in cases submitted previous to 7 Aug. 1942, and turned down for award of Medal of Honor, Distinguished Service Medal, or Navy Cross.
Legion of Merit Act of 20 July 1942. Executive Order No. 9260 of 29 Oct. 1942. Personnel of the armed forces of the United States and the Philippines; and personnel of the armed forces of friendly foreign nations who, since 8 Sept. 1939, shall have distinguished themselves by exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services. Combat or non-combat. No time limit
Distinguished Flying Cross Act of 2 July 1926. Ex-executive Order No. 7786 of 8 Jan. 1938. Any person who, while serving in any capacity with the Air Corps of the Army, National Guard, and Organized Reserves, or with United States Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard, subsequent to 6. Apr. 1917 has distinguished himself by heroism or extraordinary achievement while participating in an aerial flight. Also members of military, naval, or air forces of foreign governments, while serving with the United States. ---- do ---- Must be recommended within 2 years from date of distinguished act or service, and awarded within 3 years from date of act or service.
Navy and Marine Corps Medal Act of 7 Aug. 1942. Any person who, while serving in any capacity with the United States Navy or Marine Corps, including Reserves, shall have, since 6 Dec. 1941, distinguished himself or herself by heroism not involving actual conflict with an enemy, or to any person to whom the Secretary of the Navy has formerly awarded a letter of commendation for heroism, regardless of date, subject to approval of the Board of Decorations and Medals; also cases of persons submitted previous to 7 Aug. 1942, recommended for Medal of Honor or Navy Cross or Distinguished Service Medal, and who were turned down, may be reconsidered, all cases to be considered on records now in Navy Department. Non-combat only Must be recommended within 3 years from date of distinguished act or service, and awarded within 5 years from date of act or service, except when awarded in lieu of commendation previously awarded for heroism.
Bronze Star Medal Executive Order No. 9419 Any person who, while serving in any capacity in or with the Army, Navy, Marine Corps or Coast Guard of the United States on or after 7 Dec. 1941, distinguishes, or has distinguished himself, by heroic or meritorious achievement or service, not involving participation in aerial flight in connection with military or naval operations against an enemy of the United States. Combat only No time limit
Air Medal Executive Order No. 9158 of 11 May 1942; General Order No. 175 of 27 June 1942. Any person who, while serving in any capacity in or with Army, Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard of the United States subsequent to 8 Sept. 1939, distinguishes or has distinguished himself by meritorious achievement while participating in an aerial flight. Combat or non-combat.      Do.
Commendation Ribbon ALNAV 11 of 11 Jan. 1944. Any person of the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard who have received an individual letter of commendation signed by the Secretary of the Navy, the Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, the Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Fleet, or the Commander in Chief, United States Atlantic Fleet for an act of heroism or service performed between 6 Dec. 1941 and 11 Jan. 1944; and to any person of above services who subsequently received such a commendation signed by the Secretary of the Navy or other designated authorities, provided the letter of commendation specifically authorized the Commendation Ribbon. ---- do ----      Do.
Purple Heart Executive Order No. 10409 12 Nov. 1952; General Order No. 186 of 21 Jan. 1943. Persons wounded in action against the enemy of the United States while serving with the Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard of the United States or as result of act of such enemy, if wound necessitated treatment by medical officer. Also to next of kin of persons killed in action. Combat only      Do.
Presidential Unit Citation Executive Order No.9050 of 6 Feb. 1942; General order No. 187 of 3 Feb. 1943. Any ship, aircraft, or naval unit, any marine air craft detachment or higher unit for outstanding performance in action on or after 16 Oct. 1941. ---- do ----      Do.
Navy unit Commendation ALNAV 224 of 18 Dec. 1944. Any ship, aircraft detachment, or other unit in the naval service of the United States for outstanding heroism in action against the enemy, but not sufficient to justify the award of the Presidential Unit Citation; or for extremely meritorious service not in combat, but in support of military operations. (Awarded by SecNav only.) Combat or non-combat.      Do.

1 Public Law 351 approved 12 Oct. 1949 repealed all provisions of law pertaining to gratuities for decorations.

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Section 4. NAVY DECORATIONS

Decorations authorized to be awarded as hereinafter prescribed, are:

1.

a. TO NAVAL PERSONNEL:
Medal of Honor
Navy Cross
Distinguished Service Medal
Silver Star Medal
Legion of Merit
Distinguished Flying Cross
Navy and Marine Corps Medal
Bronze Star Medal
Air Medal
Commendation Ribbon with Metal Pendant
Purple Heart

b. To Civilian Personnel serving in any capacity with the Naval Service:
Navy Cross
Silver Star Medal
Navy and Marine Corps Medal
Bronze Star Medal Air Medal
Purple Heart Medal
Medal for Merit
Medal of Freedom

2. MEDAL OF HONOR

1. The act of 7 August 1942, amending the act of 4 February 1919, provides in section 1: "That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized to present, in the name of Congress, a Medal of Honor to any person who, while in the naval service of the United States, shall, in action involving actual conflict with the enemy, or in the line of his profession, distinguish himself conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty and without detriment to the mission of his command or to the command to which attached. Provided, That the design of this medal shall be the same as that adopted pursuant to the act approved December 21, 1861 (12 Stat. 330)." However, for the information of those holding Medals of Honor previously authorized by law, the following information is pertinent:

a. The Medal of Honor for enlisted men was originally authorized in the act of 21 December 1861. This act was subsequently modified many times, and finally in the act of 3 March 1901, the following provision was made: "That any enlisted man of the Navy or Marine Corps who shall have distinguished himself in battle or displayed extraordinary heroism in the line of his profession shall, upon the recommendation of his commanding officer, approved by the flag officer and the Secretary of the Navy, receive a gratuity and Medal of Honor as provided for seamen in section 1407 of the Revised Statutes." This gratuity for enlisted men was set at $100.

b. The Medal of Honor was originally authorized for officers of the Navy and Marine Corps in the act of 3 March 1915, which provides: "The President of the United States is hereby empowered to prepare a suitable Medal of Honor to be awarded to any officer of the Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard who shall have distinguished himself in battle or displayed extraordinary heroism in the line of his profession."

3. MEDAL OF HONOR (1917-18) (OBSOLETE)

1. The act of 4 February 1919, provides: "That the President of the United States be, and is hereby authorized to present in the name of Congress, a Medal of Honor to any person who, while in the naval service of the United States, shall, in action involving actual conflict with the enemy, distinguish himself conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty and without detriment to the mission of his command or the command to which attached." The Medal of Honor (1917-18) is for service in actual combat with the enemy during World War I only.

4. MEDAL OF HONOR ROLL

1. Public Act No. 56, approved 27 April 1916, established in the Department of the Army and in the Department of the Navy, respectively, a roll, designated as the Army and Navy Medal of Honor Roll.

2. "Upon written application made to the Secretary of the proper department, and subject to the conditions and requirements hereinafter contained, the name of each surviving person who has served in the military or naval service of the United States in any war, who has attained or shall attain the age of 65 years, and who has been awarded a Medal of Honor for having in action involving actual conflict with an enemy distinguished himself conspicuously by gallantry or intrepidity, at the risk of his life, above and beyond the call of duty, and who was honorably discharged from the service by muster out, resignation, or otherwise, shall be, by the Secretary of the proper department, entered and recorded on said roll. (NOTE: Personnel placed on the retired list of the Navy are considered as members of the naval service.) Applications for entry on said roll shall be made in such form and under such regulations as shall be prescribed by the Department of the Army and Department of the Navy, respectively, and proper blanks and instructions shall be furnished by the proper Secretary without charge, upon request made by any person claiming the benefits of this act."

3. "It shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Army and of the Secretary of the Navy to carry this act into effect and to decide whether each applicant, under this act, in his Department is entitled to the benefit of this act. If the official award of the Medal of Honor to the applicant, or the official notice to him thereof, shall appear to show that the Medal of Honor was awarded to the applicant for such an act as is required by the provisions of this act, it shall be deemed sufficient to entitle the applicant to such special pension without further investigation. Otherwise, all official correspondence, orders, reports, recommendations, requests and other evidence now on file in any public office or department shall be considered. A certificate of service and of

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the act of heroism, gallantry, bravery, or intrepidity for which the Medal of Honor was awarded, and enrollment under this act, and of the right of the special pensioner to be entitled to and to receive the special pension granted by the act, shall be furnished each person whose name shall be so entered on said roll. The Secretary of the Army and the Secretary of the Navy shall deliver to the Veterans' Administration a certified copy of each of such said certificates as he may issue, as aforesaid, and the same shall be full and sufficient authority to the Veterans' Administration for the payment by him to the beneficiary named in each such certificate the special pension provided for."

4. "Each such surviving person whose name shall have been entered on said roll in accordance with this act shall be entitled to and shall receive and be paid by the Veterans' Administration, out of any moneys in the Treasury of the United States not otherwise appropriated a special pension of $10 per month for life, payable quarter yearly. The Veterans' Administration shall make all necessary rules and regulations for making payment of such special pensions to the beneficiaries thereof."

5. "Such special pension shall begin on the day that such person shall file his application for enrollment on said roll in the office of the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Navy after the passage and approval of this act, and shall continue during the life of the beneficiary."

6. "Such special pension shall not deprive any such special pensioner of any other pension or of any benefit, right, or privilege to which he is or may hereafter be entitled under any existing or subsequent law, but shall be in addition thereto."

7. "The special pension allowed under this act shall not be subject to any attachment, execution, levy, tax, lien, or detention under any process whatever."

8. "In case any person has been awarded two or more Medals of Honor, he shall not be entitled to and shall not receive more than one such special pension."

9. "Men in the service shall not be considered in applications filed under this act."

5. BREVET MEDAL

The Brevet Medal was authorized for issue to any officer holding a brevet commission for distinguished conduct and public service in the presence of the enemy during the Mexican War, Civil War, Spanish-American War, Philippine Insurrection, and the Boxer Hostilities of 1900.

6. NAVY CROSS

1. The act of 7 August 1942 (sec. 2), amending the act of 4 February 1919, provides: "That the President be, and he hereby is, further authorized to present, but not in the name of Congress, a Navy Cross of appropriate design and ribbon, together with a rosette or other device to be worn in lieu thereof to any person who, while serving in any capacity with the naval service of the United States, distinguishes himself by extraordinary heroism in connection with military operations against an armed enemy."

7. DISTINGUISHED SERVICE MEDAL

1. The act of 7 August 1942 (sec. 3), amending the act of 4 February 1919, provides: "That the President be, and he hereby is, further authorized to present, but not in the name of Congress, a Distinguished Service Medal of appropriate design and a ribbon, together with a rosette or other device to be worn in lieu thereof, to any person who, while serving in any capacity with the Navy of the United States, since the sixth day of April 1917 has distinguished, or who hereafter shall distinguish himself by exceptionally meritorious service to the Government in a duty of great responsibility."

8. SILVER STAR MEDAL

1. The act of 7 August 1942 (sec. 4), provides: "That the President be, and he hereby is, further authorized to present, but not in the name of Congress, a Silver Star Medal of appropriate design and a ribbon together with a rosette or other device to be worn in lieu thereof, to any person who, while serving in any capacity with the Navy of the United States, since 6 December 1941, has distinguished himself or who hereafter shall distinguish himself conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity in action, such gallantry and service not being sufficient to justify the award of a Medal of Honor or a Navy Cross."

2. The act of 7 August 1942 (sec. 10), provides: "That in cases of persons now in the naval service for whom the award of the Medal of Honor, Distinguished Service Medal, or the Navy Cross, has been recommended in full compliance with then existing regulations, but on account of services which, though Insufficient fully to justify the award of the Medal of Honor, the Distinguished Service Medal, or the Navy Cross, appear to have been such as to justify the award of the Silver Star Medal hereinbefore provided, such cases may be considered and acted upon under the provisions of this act authorizing award of the Silver Star Medal, notwithstanding that said services may have been rendered more than 5 years before said cases shall have been considered as authorized by this proviso, but all consideration or any action upon any of said cases shall be based exclusively upon official records now on file in the Navy Department."

9. LEGION OF MERIT

1. The act of 20 July 1942 (sec. 2) (1), provides: "That there is hereby created a decoration to be known as the Legion of Merit, which shall have suitable appurtenances and devices and not more than four degrees, and which the President, under such rules and regulations as he shall prescribe, may award to:

a. Personnel of the armed forces of the United States and of the Government of the Philippines, and

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b. Personnel of the armed forces of friendly foreign nations who, since the proclamation. of an emergency by the President on September 8, 1939, shall have distinguished themselves by exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services."

2. The following detailed regulations govern the award of the Legion of Merit, and the preparation and submission of recommendations therefore:

a. Personnel of armed forces of the United States and of the Government of the Philippines:

1. The award of the Legion of Merit to personnel of the armed forces of the United States and of the Government of the Philippines shall be made as the Legion of Merit without reference to any degree, to such personnel who, since September 8, 1939, shall have distinguished themselves by exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services.

2. For this purpose, the medal and ribbon for the degree of Legionnaire as prescribed for award to foreign personnel will be used.

b. Personnel of the armed forces of friendly foreign nations:

1. The award of the Legion of Merit to personnel of friendly foreign nations shall be made in the appropriate one of four degrees as follows:

a. Chief Commander.
b. Commander.
c. Officer.
d. Legionnaire.

2. This award will be made to personnel of the armed forces of friendly foreign nations only with the approval of the President of the United States in each case.

3. No award of the same or of a lower degree will be made to an individual who has previously been awarded the Legion of Merit. A higher degree may be awarded if subsequent services warrant.

10. DISTINGUISHED FLYING CROSS

1. Section 12 of the act of 2 July 1926, promulgated by Executive Order No. 4576 of 28 January 1927, amended by Executive Order No. 7786 of 8 January 1938, provides:

a. A Distinguished Flying Cross is awarded to any person who, while serving in any capacity with the Air Corps of the Army of the United States, including the National Guard and Organized Reserves, or with the United States Navy or the Coast Guard of the United States subsequent to 6 April 1917, has distinguished himself by heroism or extraordinary achievement while participating in an aerial flight.

b. No person is eligible for the award of the Distinguished Flying Cross for an act performed prior to 11 November 1918, except:

1. Officers or enlisted men who have heretofore been recommended for but have not received the Medal of Honor, the Distinguished Service Medal, or Navy Cross.

2. Officers or enlisted men who displayed heroism while serving as instructors or students at flying schools.

c. Subject to other special conditions prescribed in the law, the following classes of persons are eligible for the award of the Distinguished Flying Cross :

1. All members of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and the Coast Guard while participating in an aerial flight as part of the duties incident to such membership.

2. All members of the National Guard not in Federal Service, the Organized Reserves, the Officers' Reserve Corps, the Enlisted Reserve Corps, the Naval Reserves, and the Marine Corps Reserves, not on active duty, while participating in an aerial flight as part of the duties incident to such membership.

3. Members of the military, naval, or air forces of foreign governments while serving with the military or naval forces of the United States, while participating in an aerial flight.

d. Civilians are not eligible for the award of the Distinguished Flying Cross. (Executive Order No. 4601 of March 1, 1927.)

NOTE: To justify this award for heroism, an act in the face of great danger, well above normal expectation, such as to distinguish the individual above those of comparable rank or rating performing similar services, is required; for achievement, the results accomplished must be so exceptional as to render the individual conspicuous among those of comparable rank or rating performing similar services. The recommendation should contain a specific statement setting forth the particular flight on which the recommendation is based.

11. NAVY AND MARINE CORPS MEDAL

1. The act of 7 August 1942 (sec. 5), provides: "That the President be, and he hereby is, further authorized to present, but not in the name of Congress, a medal to be known as the Navy and Marine Corps Medal, of appropriate design with accompanying ribbon, together with rosette or other device to be worn in lieu thereof to any person who, while serving in any capacity with the United States Navy or Marine Corps, including the Naval Reserve or Marine Corps Reserve, shall have, since December 6, 1941, distinguished himself or herself by heroism not involving actual conflict with an enemy, or to any person to whom the Secretary of the Navy has heretofore awarded a letter of commendation for heroism, regardless of the date of such act of heroism, who makes application for such medal. No additional pay shall be payable under section 6 for service rendered prior to the date of the enactment of this section by virtue of the award of a Navy and Marine Corps Medal based upon any act of heroism performed prior to December 7, 1941."

2. The act of 7 August 1942 (sec. 10), provides: "That in cases of persons now in the naval service for whom the award of the Medal of Honor, Distinguished Service Medal, or Navy Cross, has been recommended in full compliance with then existing regulations, but on account of services which, though insufficient fully to justify the award of the Medal of Honor, the Distinguished Service Medal, or the Navy Cross, appear to have been such as to justify the award of the Navy and Marine Corps Medal hereinbefore provided, such cases may be considered and

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3. acted upon under the provisions of this act authorizing the award of the Navy and Marine Corps Medal, notwithstanding that said services may have been rendered more than 5 years before said cases shall have been considered as authorized by this proviso, but all consideration or any action upon any of said cases shall be based exclusively upon official records now on file in the Navy Department."

4. Holders of Letters of Commendation awarded by the Secretary of the Navy for heroism not involving combat, to become eligible for the award of the Navy and Marine Corps Medal, shall submit applications to the Secretary of the Navy for such award.

NOTE: Members of the Armed Forces should not be recommended for Treasury Department Life Saving Medals unless a military decoration is considered wholly inappropriate.

Normally members of the naval service are awarded the Navy and Marine Corps Medal for outstanding heroic acts in saving or attempting to rescue any person from drowning. For a lesser degree of heroism a Secretary of the Navy Letter of Commendation with Ribbon and Medal Pendant is considered the appropriate award.

12. BRONZE STAR MEDAL

1. Executive Order No. 9419 of 4 February 1944, provides: "There is hereby established the Bronze Star Medal, with accompanying ribbons and appurtenances, for award to any person who, while serving in any capacity in or with the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard of the United States on or after 7 December 1941, distinguishes or has distinguished himself by heroic or meritorious achievement or service, not involving participation in aerial flight, in connection with military or naval operations against an enemy of the United States."

2. The required achievement or service for award of the Bronze Star Medal is less than that required for award of the Silver Star Medal or the Legion of Merit but must nevertheless be accomplished or performed in a manner above that normally to be expected and sufficient to distinguish him among those performing comparable duties. The Bronze Star Medal may be awarded to recognize minor acts of heroism in actual combat or single acts of merit, or meritorious service either in sustained operational activities against an enemy or in direct support of such operations.

13. AIR MEDAL

1. Executive Order No. 9158 of 11 May 1942, amended by Executive Order No. 9242-A of 11 September 1942, provides: "By virtue of authority vested in me as President of the United States and as Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, it is hereby ordered that an Air Medal, with accompanying ribbons, be established for award to any person who, while serving in any capacity in or with the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard of the United States subsequent to 8 September 1939, distinguishes, or has distinguished, himself by meritorious achievement while participating in an aerial flight.

2. "The Air Medal and appurtenances thereto shall be of appropriate design approved by the Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, and the Secretary of the Treasury, and, under such regulations as said Secretaries may prescribe, may be awarded by the Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, or the Secretary of the Treasury, or by such commanding officers of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard as the said Secretaries may respectively designate. Awards to personnel of the Coast Guard when serving under his jurisdiction shall be made by or under the direction of the Secretary of the Navy."

3. Attention is invited to the fact that the Air Medal may be awarded for meritorious acts or series of acts while participating in an aerial flight. To justify this award, however, the achievements must have been accomplished with distinction.

4. The Air Medal is available for award to civilians serving with the Navy.

14. NAVY COMMENDATION RIBBON

a. The Secretary of the Navy on 11 January 1944 (AlNav-11-44) authorized the Commendation Ribbon and on 22 March 1950 established the Metal Pendant for the Commendation Ribbon. The Commendation Ribbon with Metal Pendant may be worn by authorized personnel in the same manner as prescribed for other decorations or service ribbons. All personnel of the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard who have received an individual letter of commendation signed by the Secretary of the Navy, Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet or Commander in Chief, Atlantic Fleet for an act of heroism or service performed between 6 December 1941 and 11 January 1944, are automatically authorized to wear the Commendation Ribbon with Metal Pendant.

b. All personnel of the above services who subsequently received such a commendation, signed by the Secretary of the Navy or designated authorities, are authorized to wear the Commendation Ribbon with Metal Pendant provided such letter of commendation contains in the text such authorization, signifying the desire of the issuing officer to accord this privilege.

c. Only one Metal Pendant may be issued to any one person. A second and each succeeding award shall be represented by the wearing of a three-sixteenths-inch bronze star on ribbon bar and on the suspension ribbon of the pendant.

15. PURPLE HEART

1. Executive Order No. 9277 of 3 December 1942, superseded by Executive Order No. 10409 of 12 November 1952 provides as follows:

By virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States and as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the United States, it is hereby ordered as follows:

1. The Secretary of the Navy shall award the Purple Heart, In the name of the President of the United States, to any person who while serving in any capacity with the Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard of the United States has been, or may hereafter be, wounded (a) in any action against an enemy of the United States, (b) in any action with an opposing armed force of a foreign

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country in which the Armed Forces of the United States are engaged, or (c) as the result of an act of any such enemy or opposing armed force.

2. The Secretary of the Navy shall award the Purple Heart posthumously, in the name of the President of the United States, to any person who while serving in any capacity with the Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard of the United States after April 5, 1917, has been or may hereafter be, killed, or who has died or may hereafter die subsequent to being wounded, (a) in any action against an enemy of the United States, (b) in any action with an opposing armed force of a foreign country in which the Armed Forces of the United States are engaged, or (c) as the result of an act of any such enemy or opposing armed force.

3. The wound for which the award is made must have required treatment by a medical officer.

4. The Purple Heart shall be forwarded to the nearest of kin of any person entitled to the posthumous award, regardless of whether a previous award has been made to such person, except that if the award results from service prior to December 7, 1941, the Purple Heart shall be forwarded to such nearest of kin upon his application therefore to the Secretary of the Navy.

5. Except as authorized in paragraph 4 hereof, no more than one Purple Heart shall be awarded to any one person, but for each subsequent justification for such an award a Gold Star, or other suitable device, shall be awarded to be worn with the Purple Heart as prescribed by appropriate regulations.

6. If so authorized by the Secretary of the Navy, the award of the Purple Heart may be made by the Commander in Chief of a fleet, or by such other appropriate officer or officers as the Secretary of the Navy may designate.

7. The Secretary of the Navy may issue such regulations as he may deem appropriate to effectuate the purposes of this order. The regulations of the Secretary of the Navy and the regulations of the Secretary of the Army and the Secretary of the Air Force with respect to the award of the Purple Heart shall, so far as practicable, be of uniform application, and shall be subject to the approval of the Secretary of Defense.

8. This order shall supersede Executive Order No. 9277 of December 3, 1942, entitled "Award of the Purple Heart to Persons Serving with the Navy, Marine Corps or Coast Guard of the United States", but existing regulations issued pursuant to that order shall so far as they are not inconsistent with this order, remain in effect until modified or revoked by regulations issued by the Secretary of the Navy pursuant to this order.

(S) HARRY S. TRUMAN.

THE WHITE HOUSE,
November 12, 1952.

2. For the purpose of considering an award of this decoration, a "wound" is defined as an injury to any part of the body from an outside force or agent sustained while in action in the face of the armed enemy or as a result of a hostile act of such enemy. A physical lesion is not required, provided the concussion or other form of injury received was directly due to enemy action and required treatment by a medical officer. Awards will not be made by reason of injuries due to frostbite. Not more than one award of this decoration will be made for more than one wound or injury received at the same instant or from the same missile, force, explosion, or agent.

3. Record of medical treatment for wounds or injuries received in action as prescribed above must have been made a matter of official record during the period of hostilities or within 6 months thereafter.

4. A Purple Heart will be issued to the next-of-kin of each person entitled to a posthumous award as nearly coincidentally as practicable with the receipt by the Department of the Navy of a report of death indicating such person was killed in action against an armed enemy or died as a direct result of an act of an enemy, notwithstanding the fact that the records indicate the presentation of a Purple Heart to the deceased person prior to death.

5. Awards will be made to personnel who served in the naval service subsequent to 5 April 1917 and prior to 7 December 1941 who meet the above requirements, only on receipt of application from them or their next-of-kin.

6. Applications will be forwarded to the Chief of Naval Personnel, and the Commandant of the United States Marine Corps, as appropriate, and will include full name, service number, branch of service, date and place of injury.

16. SPECIALLY MERITORIOUS MEDAL - WAR WITH SPAIN

The act of 3 March 1901, authorizes the award of bronze medals to officers and men of the Navy and Marine Corps who rendered specially meritorious service, otherwise than in battle, during the War with Spain. The act further provides that any person entitled to receive recognition in more than one instance, shall, instead of a second medal, be presented with a bronze bar, appropriately inscribed, to be attached to the ribbon by which the medal is suspended. This medal is no longer issued.

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[End of Part I.]

Published: Mon Jul 29 16:19:53 EDT 2019