Naval History and Heritage Command

Primary Sources

a) Official Documents, Reports, and Press Releases

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. “The National Military Strategy of the United States of America.” Washington, DC:Department of Defense (DOD), 1992.

———. “The National Military Strategy of the United States of America: A Strategy for Today; A Vision for Tomorrow.” Washington, DC: DOD, 2004.

Chief of Naval Information. “Forward…From the Sea: The Navy Operational Concept.” Washington, D.C: Department of the Navy (DON), 1997.

———. “Naval Strategic Planning Guidance with Long-Range Planning Objectives, April 2000.” Washington, DC: DON, 2000.

Chief of Naval Operations. “Information Dominance and the U.S. Navy's Cyber Warfare Vision. Briefing, Vice Admiral Jack Dorsett, Deputy CNO for Information Dominance, 14 April 2010.” Washington, DC: DON, 2010.

Department of Defense. “Report on the Bottom-Up Review. October 1993.” Washington, DC: DOD, 1993.

———. “Quadrennial Defense Review, May 1997.” Washington, DC: DOD, 1997.

———. “Quadrennial Defense Review Report, September 30, 2001.” Washington, DC: DOD, 2001.

———. “Quadrennial Defense Review Report. 6 February 2006.” Washington, DC: DOD, 2006. 

———. “Navy Strategic Plan in Support of Program Objective Memorandum 08.” Washington, DC: DOD, 2006.

———. “Quadrennial Defense Review Report. February 2010.” Washington, DC: DOD, 2010.

———. “Sustaining U.S. Global Leadership: Priorities for 21st Century Defense.” Washington, DC: DOD, 2012.

———. “Forward… From the Sea.” Washington, DC: DON, 1994.

———. “Naval Operating Concept for Joint Operations.” Washington, DC: DON, 2003.

———. “Fleet Response Plan.” Washington, DC: DON, 2003.

———. “Vision. Presence. Power 2004: A Program Guide to the U.S. Navy.” Washington, DC: DOD, 2004.

———. “The Navy’s 3/1 Strategy: The Maritime Contribution to the Joint Force in a Changed Strategic Landscape.” Draft (12 April 2005), Washington, DC, 2005.

———. “Naval Operations Concept.” Washington, DC: DON, 2006

———. “Naval Operations Concept 2010: Implementing the Maritime Strategy.” Washington, DC: DON, 2010.

———. “Naval Doctrine Publication (NDP1).” Washington, DC:DON, 2010.

Department of the Navy, Office of Program Appraisal. “Lessons of the Falklands. Summary Report, February 1983.” Washington, DC: DON, 1983.

Department of the Navy/U.S. Coast Guard. “A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower.” Washington, DC:DON, 2007.

Director, Warfare Integration (OPNAV N8F), Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. “Report to Congress on Annual Long-Rang Plan for Construction of Naval Vessels for FY 2011.” Washington, DC: DON, 2010.

England, Gordon, Vern Clark, and James Jones. “Naval Power 21: A Naval Vision.” Washington, DC: DON, 2002.

Library of Congress. “National Security Act of 1947 as amended July 3, 2007.” Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 2014.

———. “Defense Reorganization Act of 1958. Public Law 85-599.” Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 2014.

National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. “The 9/11 Commission Report.” Washington, DC, Government Printing Office (GPO), 2004.

National Security Council. “A Report to the National Security Council–NSC 68, April 12, 1950. President's Secretary's File, Truman Papers.” Independence, MO: Truman Library, 2014.

Naval History and Heritage Command (NHHC). “Kosovo: U.S. Naval Lessons Learned during Operation Allied Force, March–June 1999.” Washington, DC: NHHC, 2004.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). “Alliance Maritime Strategy.” Brussels: NATO, 2011. 

Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. “The United States Navy in ‘Desert Shield’/ ‘Desert Storm’, Ser OO/lU500179, 15 May 1991.” Washington, DC: NHHC, 2014.

Office of the Historian, Department of State. “Milestones, 1993–2000: The War in Bosnia, 1992–1995.” Washington, DC: Department of State, 2013.

President’s Interagency Task Force on United States Coast Guard Roles and Missions. “The U.S. Coast Guard of the 21st Century.” Washington, DC: President’s Interagency Task Force on United States Coast Guard Roles and Missions, 2000.

U.S. Congress, House Committee on Armed Services, Military Readiness Subcommittee. “Operations in Kosovo: Problems Encountered, Lessons Learned and Reconstitution. 106th Cong., 1st sess., 26 October 1999, H.A.S.C. No. 106–27.” Washington, DC: GPO, 2000.

The United Nations. “United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. 10 December 1982.” New York: The United Nations, 1982.

The White House. “Presidential Review Memorandum/NSC-10. 18 February 1977.” Washington, DC: The White House, 1977.

———. “National Security Decision Directive Number 32, National Security Strategy.” Washington, DC: The White House, 1982.

———. “A National Security Strategy of Engagement and Enlargement.” Washington, DC: The White House, 1994.

———. “A National Security Strategy for A New Century. December 1999.” Washington, DC: The White House, 1999.

———. “The National Security Strategy of the United States of America. September 2002.” Washington, DC: The White House, 2002.

———. “National Strategy for Maritime Security.” Washington, DC: The White House, 2005.

———. “The National Security Strategy of the United States of America.” Washington, DC, The White House, 2006.

———. “National Security Strategy. May 2010.” The White House: Washington, DC, 2010.

U.S. Naval War College. “Navy Roles, Functions, Capabilities, Limitations. Power Point Presentation held at U.S. Army Staff Officer Course C-306, Ft. Belvoir, Virginia.” Newport, RI: U.S. Naval War College, 2011.

b) Speeches

Carter, James E.. “The State of the Union Address Delivered before a Joint Session of the Congress, 23 January.” 1980. 

Reagan, Ronald. “Remarks at the Recommissioning Ceremony for the U.S.S. New Jersey in Long Beach, California. 28 December 1982.” 1982.

Webb, Jim. “‘Defending the Navy’s Culture,’ Speech delivered by J.W. on 25 April 1996 at the U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland.” 1996. 

Weinberger, Casper. “‘The Use of Military Power,’ Remarks Prepared for Delivery by the Hon. Casper W. Weinberger, Secretary of Defense, to the National Press Club in Washington, DC Wednesday, 28 November 1984.” 1984.

Secondary Sources

Alford, Jonathan, ed. Sea Power and Influence: Old Issues and New Challenges. Farnborough, UK: Gower, 1980.

Allen, Thomas. “Are Naval Operations Unique?” The Naval Review 84, No. 1 (1996): 19–23.

Allison, George. “The United States Navy and United Nations Peace-Keeping Operations.” Naval War College Review, vol. 46, no. 4 (1993): 22–35.

Anderson, Gary. Towards a Pax Universalis: A Historical Critique of the National Military Strategy for the 1990s. Newport, RI: Naval War College Press, 1992.

———. Beyond Mahan: A Proposal for a U.S. Naval Strategy in the Twenty-First Century. Newport, RI: Naval War College Press, 1993.

Atarain, Lee. Tanker War: America’s First Conflict with Iran, 1987–1988. Havertown, PA: Casemate, 2008.

Ball, Desmond. “Nuclear War at Sea.” International Security, vol. 10, no. 3 (1985): 3—31.

Barlow, Jeffrey. Revolt of the Admirals: The Fight for Naval Aviation 1945–1950. Washington, DC: Naval Historical Center, 1994.

———. “The U.S. Navy’s Role in Coalition Maritime Interception Operations in the Arabian Gulf Region, 1991–2001.” You Cannot Surge Trust: Combined Naval Operations of the Royal Australian Navy, Canadian Navy, Royal Navy, and United States Navy, 1991–2003, eds. G. Weir and S. Doyle Washington, DC: NHHC 2013, 23–43.

Barnett, Roger. “The Maritime-Continental Debate Isn’t Over.” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, vol. 113, no. 6 (June 1987): 28–34.

———. “The Origins of the US Maritime Strategy (Part I).” Naval Forces, vol. 10, no. 4 (1989): 52–53, 57.

———. “The Origins of the US Maritime Strategy (Part II).”Naval Forces, vol. 10, no. 5 (1989): 58–60, 62.

———. “Strategic Culture and Its Relationship to Naval Strategy.” Naval War College Review 60, no. 1 (January 2007): 24–34.

———. Navy Strategic Culture: Why the Navy Thinks Differently. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press (NIP), 2009.

Baer, George. One Hundred Years of Seapower: The U.S. Navy 1890–1990. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1996.

Barno, David. “Challenges in Fighting a Global Insurgency.” Parameters (Summer 2006): 15–29.

Bartlett, Henry, Paul Holman, andTimothy Somes. “The Art of Strategy and Force Planning.” Naval War College Review, vol. 48, no. 1 (January 1995): 114–26.

Berman, Larry. Zumwalt: The Life and Times of Admiral Elmo Russell “Bud” Zumwalt, Jr. New York: Harper, 2012. 

Binnendijk, Hans, and George Stewart. “The Navy in an Antiaccess World.” Globalization and Maritime Power, ed. S. Tangredi. Washington, DC: National Defense University (NDU) Press 2002, 439–50.

Booth, Ken. Navies and Foreign Policy. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1979.

———. Law, Force & Diplomacy at Sea. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1985.

Boorda, Admiral Jeremy, John Dalton, and General Carl Mundy. “Forward… From the Sea.” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, vol. 120, no. 12 (1994): 46–49.

Boorman, Scott. “Fundamentals of Strategy. The Legacy of Henry Eccles.” Naval War College Review, vol. 62, no. 2 (April 2009): 91–115.

Bowdish, Randall. “Global Terrorism, Strategy, and Naval Forces.” Globalization and Maritime Power, ed. S. Tangredi. Washington, DC: National Defense University (NDU) Press, 2002,  91–109.

Bradley, John. The AirLand Battle Doctrine and the Maritime Strategy: A Mixed Marriage? Carlisle , PA: Army War College, 1986.

Breemer, Jan S. “The End of Naval Strategy: Revolutionary Change and the Future of American Naval Strategy.” Strategic Review, vol. 22, no. 2 (1994): 40–53.

Brodie, Bernard. Seapower in the Machine Age. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1941.

———. A Layman’s Guide to Naval Strategy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1943.

Brooks, Linton. “Naval Power and National Security: The Case for the Maritime Strategy.” International Security,  vol. 11, no. 2 (1986): 58–88.

Bruns, Sebastian. “Multipolarity Under the Magnifying-Glass.” Security+Peace (Sicherheit+Frieden),  vol. 27, no. 3 (2009): 174–79.

———. “Zwischen Top Gun und Homer Simpson: Die US-Navy und die Populärkultur.” MarineForum , no. 10/2010 (2010): 51–53.

———. “African Partnership Station: From Global War on Terrorism to Grass-Roots Maritime Security.” Strategic Insights by Risk Intelligence. Global Maritime Security Analysis, no. 25 (2010):18–23.

———. “Weltseemacht und maritime Sicherheit. Ausgewählte Strategien, Kapazitäten und Herausforderungen der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika.” Maritime Sicherheit, eds.S. Bruns, K. Petretto, and D. Petrovic. Wiesbaden, Germany: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften (2013),  165–82.

———. “Beyond the Aircraft Carrier? Non-Traditional Security Threats and the Future of U.S. Navy Sea-asing.” Strategic Insights by Risk Intelligence. Global Maritime Security Analysis, no. 46 (2013):9–13.

———. „Seemacht und Geopolitik: Wandel in der US-Marinepräsenz birgt neue Betätigungsfelder für die Marinen der europäischen Staaten.“ Security+Peace (Sicherheit+Frieden), vol. 32, no. 3 (2014): 176–81.

———. “Enduring Lessons from the Falklands War for the U.S. Navy” (working title). Chapter prepared for planned but unrealized The Falklands War – 30 Years On (working title), eds. K. Harris and D. Redford. Farnham, UK: Ashgate, 2013.

———. “Seemacht und Geopolitik: Wandel in der US-Marinepräsenz birgt neue Betätigungsfelder für die Marinen der europäischen Staaten.” Sicherheit + Frieden 3-2014, vol. 32 (March 2013):176–81.

———. “U.S. Navy Strategy & American Sea Power from ‘The Maritime Strategy’ (1982–1986) to ‘A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower’ (2007): Politics, Capstone Documents, and Major Naval Operations 1981–2011.” Dissertation, University of Kiel, Germany, 2014.

———. “The ‘Cooperative Strategy’ (CS-21/CS-21R): A View from Germany,” Center for International Maritime Security (CIMSEC), 27 May 2015.

———. “US-Marinestrategie und amerikanische Seemacht von der Maritime Strategy (1982–1986) bis zur Cooperative Strategy for the 21st Century Seapower (2007): Politik, Dokumente und Einsätze 1981–2011.”, eds. Kathrin Orth and Eberhart Kliem, Jahrbuch 2014 der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Schifffahrts- und Marinegeschichte (DGSM), vol. 17. Oldenburg, Germany: Isensee 2015, 161–70. 

——— and Joachim Krause, (eds.), Handbook Naval Strategy & Security. London: Routledge, 2016. 

———. "Moving East and South: U.S. Navy and German Navy Strategy in the Eurasian Theater 1991–2014, A View from Germany," Fletcher Security Review, vol. 3 (2016): 33–41.

———. US Naval Strategy and National Security: The Evolution of American Maritime Power, 1981–2015. Milton Park, UK, Abigdon und New York, Routledge, forthcoming 2017. 

Bucchi, Mike, and Mike Mullen. “Sea Shield: Projecting Global Defensive Assurance.” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, vol. 128, no. 11 (2002): 56–58.

Burke, Sharon, Hay Gulledge, Michael Horowitz, Christine Parthemore, and Nirav Patel. Uncharted Waters: The U.S. Navy and Navigating Climate Change  (CNAS working paper). Washington, DC: Center for New American Security, 2008.

Byron, John. “Determinants of Military Power.” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, vol. 113, no. 1 (1987): 48–49.

Cable, James. Navies in Violent Peace. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 1989.

Center for Naval Analyses. 1991–1992 Biennial Report. Fifty Years of Naval Analysis. Alexandria, VA: Center for Naval Analyses (CNA), 1992.

———. U.S. Navy & U.S. Marine Corps Deployment Strategy Options (Based on Historical Analysis). Slideshow for a briefing,9 July 2013. Alexandria, VA: CNA, 2013.

Chalk, Peter. The Maritime Dimension of International Security: Terrorism, Piracy, and Challenges for the United States. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2008.

Chun, Stephen, comp. National Military Strategy & National Security Strategy. Maxwell Air Force Base, AL: Muir S. Fairchild Research Information Center, 2006. 

Clancy, Tom. Carrier: A Guided Tour of an Aircraft Carrier. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley Trade, 1999.

Clark, Vern. “Sea Power 21: Projecting Decisive Joint Capabilities.” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 128, no. 10 (2002): 33–41.

Cobble, Eugene, H. H. Gaffrey, and Dmitry Gorenburg. For the Record: All U.S. Forces’ Responses to Situations, 1970–2000 (with Additions Covering 2000 – 2003). Alexandria, VA: CNA, 2005.

Cole, Bernard. The Great Wall at Sea – China’s Navy in the 21stCentury, 2nd ed. Annapolis, MD:NIP, 2012.

———. Asian Maritime Strategies: Navigating Troubled Waters. Annapolis, MD: NIP, 2013.

Collins, John. Military Geography for Professionals and the Public. Washington, DC: Brassey’s, 1998.

———. Military Strategy: Principles, Practices, and Historical Perspectives. Washington, DC: Brassey’s, 2002.

Congressional Budget Office. Building a 600-Ship Navy: Cost, Timing, and Alternative Approaches. Washington, DC:GPO, 1982.

———. Manpower for a 600-Ship Navy: Costs and Policy Alternatives. Washington, DC:GPO, 1983.

Corbett, Julian. Some Principles of Maritime Strategy. Mineola, NY: Dover, 1911.

Corbett, Art, and Vince Goudling. “Sea Basing: What’s New?” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, vol. 128, no. 11 (2002): 34–36.

Cordesman, Anthony, and Abraham Wagner. The Lessons of Modern War, Volume III: The Afghan and Falklands Conflicts. Boulder, CO, and San Francisco: Westview Press, 1991.

Coulter, Daniel. “Globalization of Maritime Commerce: The Rise of Hub Ports.” Globalization and Maritime Power, ed. S. Tangredi. Washington, DC: NDU Press, 2002, 131–38.

Crisher, Brian,  and Mark Souva,. “Power at Sea: A Naval Power Dataset, 1865–2011” (working paper, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 2012).

Crist, David. The Twilight War: The Secret History of America’s Thirty-Year Conflict with Iran. New York: Penguin Press, 2012.

Cropsey, Seth. Mayday. The Decline of American Naval Supremacy. New York and London: Overlook Duckworth, 2013.

Crowl, Philipp. “Alfred Thayer Mahan: The Naval Historian.” Makers of Modern Strategy from Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age, ed. P. Paret. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press 1986 444–77.

Davis, Jacquelyn. Aircraft Carriers and the Role of Naval Power in the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge, UK: Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis (= National Security Paper 13), 1993.

Dawson, Cutler, and John Nathman. ”Sea Strike: Projecting Persistent, Responsive, and Precise Power.” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, vol. 128, no. 12 (2002): 54–58. Dombrowski, Peter, ed.. Naval Power in the Twenty-First Century: A Naval War College Review Reader. Newport, RI: Naval War College Press, 2005.

Dunn, Keith, and William Staudenmaier. Strategic Implications of the Continental-Maritime Debate, Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1984.

Duppler, Jörg. “Seemacht, Seestrategie, Seeherrschaft.” Seemacht und Seestrategie im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert, ed. J. Duppler. Hamburg: Mittler & Sohn (= Vorträge zur Militärgeschichte, vol. 18, distributed by the Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt) 1999, 13–20.

Dutton, Peter, Robert Ross, and Tunsjø Øystein, eds. Twenty-First Century Seapower: Cooperation and Conflict at Sea. London: Routledge, 2014.

Eaglen, Mackenzie, and Bryan McGrath. Thinking About a Day Without Sea Power: Implications for U.S. Defense Policy (Backgrounder No. 2555). Washington, DC: The Heritage Foundation, 2010.

Elleman, Bruce. Waves of Hope: The U.S. Navy’s Response to the Tsunami in Northern Indonesia. Newport, RI: Naval War College Press, 2007.

Federation of American Scientists, ed. “Arsenal Ship,” Military Analysis Network, U.S. Navy Ships. 1999.  http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/arsenal_ship.htm.

Feickert, Andrew. Marine Corps Drawdown, Force Structure Initiatives, and Roles and Missions: Background and Issues for Congress (CRS Report R 43355). Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 2014.

Fischbock, Martin. “Die Funktion von Seestreitkräften in einem gewandelten technologischen Umfeld” (thesis, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 1982).

Fitschen, Patrick. Die Transformation der US-Streitkräfte: Die Neuausrichtung der Streitkräfte der Vereinigten Staaten zwischen 2001 und 2006. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Peter Lang (= Analysen zur Sicherheitspolitik, Vol. 1, Distributed by the  Institut für Sicherheitspolitik an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel), 2007.

Flournoy, Michèle (ed.). QDR 2001. Strategy-Driven Choices for America’s Security. Washington, DC: NDU Press, 2001.

Forster, Larissa. “Trust Cannot Be Surged: Challenges to Naval Forward Presence.” Military Power Revue der Schweizer Armee, no. 2/2011 (2011):47–59.

———. Influence without Boots on the Ground: Seaborne Crisis Response. Newport, RI: Naval War College Press, 2013.

Friedman, Norman. Seerüstung heute: Entwurf und Konzeption moderner Kriegsschiffe. Munich, Germany: Bernard & Graefe, 1981.

———. “The Maritime Strategy and the Design of the U.S. Fleet.” Comparative Strategy, vol. 6, no. 4 (1987): 415–35.

———. James O’Brasky, and Sam Tangredi. “Globalization and Surface Warfare.” Globalization and Maritime Power, ed. S. Tangredi. Washington, DC: NDU Press, 2002, pp. 347–61.

———. The Naval Institute Guide to World Naval Weapon Systems, 5th edition. Annapolis, MD: NIP, 2006.

Ford, Christopher, and David Rosenberg. “The Naval Intelligence Underpinnings of Reagan’s Maritime Strategy.” The Journal of Strategic Studies 28, No. 2 (2005): 379–409.

Fuss, Charles. Sea of Grass: The Maritime Drug War, 1970–1990. Annapolis, MD: NIP, 1990.

Gable, J. M. Marine Policy. Lexington, KY: Lexington Books, 1977.

Gaffney, Hank. “The Navy Before and After September 11.” Globalization and Maritime Power, ed. S. Tangredi. Washington, DC: NDU Press 2002, pp. 493–505.

Garrett, Lawrence, Frank Kelso, and A. M. Gray. “The Way Ahead.” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, vol. 117, no. 4 (1991): 36–47.

Gates, Robert. Duty: Memoirs of a Secretary at War. New York, London: Random House, 2014.

Gerson, Michael, and Alison Lawler Russell. American Grand Strategy and Seapower Conference Report. Alexandria, VA: CNA, 2011.

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Goldberg, Alfred, Sarandis Papadopoulos, and Diane Putney. Pentagon 9/11. Historical Office, Office of the Secretary of Defense: Washington, DC, 2007.

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Goodspeed, M. Hill. U.S. Navy: A Complete History. New York: Universe, 2003.

Gordon IV, John, Peter Wilson, John Birkler, Steven Boraz, and Gordon Lee. Leveraging America’s Aircraft Carrier Capabilities: Exploring New Combat and Noncombat Roles and Missions for the U.S. Carrier Fleet. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2006.

Gormley, Dennis. Missile Contagion: Cruise Missile Proliferation and the Threat to International Security. Annapolis, MD: NIP, 2010.

Gorshkov, Sergej. The Sea Power of the State. Oxford, UK: Pergamon, 1976.

Gray, Colin. Maritime Strategy, Geopolitics, and the Defense of the West. New York: Ramapo Press, 1986.

———. “The Maritime Strategy is Not New.” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, vol. 116, no. 1 (1990): 66–72.

———. The Leverage of Sea Power: The Strategic Advantage of Navies in War. New York: Macmillan, 1992.

———. The Navy in the Post–Cold War World: The Uses and Value of Strategic Sea Power. University Park, PA: Penn State Press, 1994.

———. “Sea Power for Containment: The U.S. Navy in the Cold War.” Navies & Global Defense. Theories and Strategy, eds. K. Nelson and E. J. Errington. Westport, CT: Praeger 1995, 181–207.

Gresham, John, and Ian Westwell. Seapower. New York: Chartwell, 2008.

Gretton, M. P. “The American Maritime Strategy: European Perspectives and Implications,” Royal United Services Institute for Defence Studies Journal, vol. 134, no. 1 (1989): 19–26.

Grove, Eric, ed. Nato’s Defence of the North. London: Brassey’s, 1989.

———. The Future of Sea Power. London: Routledge, 1990.

———. “The Utility of History to Modern Navies.” Military History and the Military Profession, eds. D. Charters, M. Milner, and J. B. Wilson. Westport, CT/London: Praeger, 1992. Pp. 183–90.

Gunzinger, Mark. Shaping America’s Future Military: Toward a New Force Planning Construct. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments2013.

Harms, Alfred, Gerald Hoewing, and John Totushek. “Sea Warrior: Maximizing Human Capital.” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, vol. 129, no. 6 (June 2003): 48–54.

Hartmann, Frederic. Naval Renaissance: The U.S. Navy in the 1980’s. Annapolis, MD: NIP, 1992.

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———, ed. U.S. Naval Strategy in the 1990s. Newport, RI: Naval War College Press, 2006.

———,  ed. U.S. Naval Strategy in the 1970s. Newport, RI: Naval War College Press, 2007.

———, and Peter Swartz, eds. U.S. Naval Strategy in the 1980s. Newport, RI: Naval War College Press, 2008.

Haynes, Peter. American Naval Thinking in the Post–Cold War Era: The U.S. Navy and the Emergence of a Maritime Strategy, 1989–2007 (dissertation, Naval Postgraduate School,  Monterey, CA, 2013.

———. Toward a New Maritime Strategy: American Naval Thinking in the Post–Cold War Era. Annapolis, MD: NIP, 2015.

Hendrickson, Ryan. Diplomacy and War at NATO: The Secretary General and Military Action After the Cold War. Columbia, MO, and London: University of Missouri Press, 2006.

Hill, Chuck. “Rewrite of Seapower 21 Coming—Opportunity for More Clarity?” Coast Guard Blog, 31 October 2012. https://chuckhillscgblog.net/2012/10/31/rewrite-of-seapower-21-coming-opportunity-for-more-clarity.

———. “Rewriting the Strategy” Coast Guard Blog, 5 July 2013. https://chuckhillscgblog.net/2013/07/05/rewriting-the-strategy/.

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Holland, William “Globalization Under the Sea.” Globalization and Maritime Power, ed. S. Tangredi. Washington, DC: NDU Press 2002, 313–30.

Holloway, James. Aircraft Carriers at War: A Personal Retrospective of Korea, Vietnam, and the Soviet Confrontation. Annapolis, MD: NIP, 2007.

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Jordan, David. Flugzeugträger: Von den Anfängen bis heute. Vienna, Austria: Tosa, 2002.

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Kaplan, Lawrence. The Long Entanglement: NATO’s First Fifty Years. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999.

Kaplan, Robert. Imperial Grunts: On the Ground with the American Military, from Mongolia to the Philippines to Iraq and Beyond. New York: Vintage, 2006.

———. Hog Pilots, Blue Water Grunts: The American Military in the Air, at Sea, and on the Ground. New York: Vintage, 2008.

———. Monsoon: The Indian Ocean and the Future of American Power. New York: Random House, 2010.

———. The Revenge of Geography: What the Map Tells Us About Coming Conflicts and the Battle Against Fate. New York: Random House, 2012.

Kearsley, Harold. Maritime Power and the Twenty-First Century. Aldershot, UK: Dartmouth, 1992.

Kelso, Frank, Sean O’Keefe, and Carl Mundy. “…From the Sea: Preparing the Naval Service for the 21^st Century.” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, vol. 118, No. 11 (November 1992): 93–96.

Kennan, George (alias “X”). “The Sources of Soviet Conduct.” Foreign Affairs 25, No. 4, July 1947 (1947): 566–82. 

———. “If TV Drives Foreign Policy, We’re in Trouble.” The New York Times, 24 October 1993.

Kim, Duk-Ki. Naval Strategy in Northeast Asia: Geo-Strategic Goals, Policies and Prospects. London and Portland, OR: Cass, 1999.

Kirchner, Andree. History of Law of the Sea: Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law. Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, Heidelberg, Germany. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press 2012.

Komer, Robert. Maritime Strategy or Coalition Defense? Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1984.

Krause, Joachim. “Liberaler Imperialismus und imperialer Liberalismus als Erklärungsansätze amerikanischer Aussenpolitik.” Zeitschrift für Aussen- und Sicherheitspolitik, vol. 1, no. 1 (2009): 68–95.

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