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The Reestablishment of the Navy, 1787-1801
Historical Overview and Select Bibliography

Relations with Barbary Powers

Documents

United States Office of Naval Records and Library. Naval Documents Related to the United States Wars with the Barbary Powers: Naval Operations Including Diplomatic Background from 1785 through 1807. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1939-44. 6 vols.

Secondary Literature

Allen, Gardner W. Our Navy and the Barbary Corsairs. 1905. Reprint. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books, 1965. 354 pp.

Anderson, R. C. "Tripoli and Tunis: The Americans in the Mediterranean, 1795-1805." In Naval Wars in the Levant, 1559-1853, 393-426. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1952.

Barnby, H. G. The Prisoners of Algiers: An Account of the Forgotten American-Algerian War, 1785-1797. London: Oxford University Press, 1966. 343 pp.

Bartlett, Harley H. "American Captivities in Barbary." Michigan Alumnus Quarterly Review 61 (Spring 1955): 238- 54.

Relates the captures of Americans by the Barbary powers and diplomatic efforts to end them.

Carr, James A. "John Adams and the Barbary Problem: The Myth and the Record." American Neptune 26 (October 1966): 231-57.

Chidsey, Donald B. The Wars in Barbary: Arab Piracy and the Birth of the United States Navy. New York: Crown, 1971. 165 pp.

Dudley, William S. "Origins of the U.S. Navy's Mediterranean Squadron, 1783-1816." In Français et Anglais en Méditerranée de la Révolution français … l'independance de la Grèce (1789- 1830). Journées franco-britanniques d'histoire de la Marine (3rd, 1990, Toulon, France). 251-60. [Vincennes, France]: Service historique de la Marine, 1992.

Field, James A., Jr. America and the Mediterranean World, 1776-1882. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969. 485 pp.

Folayan, Kola. Tripoli during the Reign of Yþsuf Pþshþ Qaramþnlþ. Ile-Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press, 1979. 203 pp.

Gibbons, Patrick J. "Corsairs, Privateers, and Pirates: A Reconsideration of the Barbary Wars, c. 1780-1805." Master's thesis, University of Virginia, 1993. 101 pp.

Hunt, Livingston. "Bainbridge under the Turkish Flag." United States Naval Institute Proceedings 52 (June 1926): 1147-62.

Bainbridge's humiliating treatment at the hands of the Barbary powers.

Irwin, Ray W. The Diplomatic Relations of the United States with the Barbary Powers, 1776-1816. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1931. 225 pp.

Kitzen, Michael L. S. Tripoli and the United States at War: A History of American Relations with the Barbary States, 1785- 1805. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 1993. 203 pp.

Kortepeter, Carl M. "The United States Encounters the Middle East: The North African Emirates and the U.S. Navy (1783- 1830)." Revue d'Histoire Maghrebine (Tunisia) 10 (December 1983): 301-13.

Traces the extensive official and private contacts, financial holdings, and private interests of the United States in the Middle East.

Tucker, Glenn. Dawn Like Thunder: The Barbary Wars and the Birth of the U.S. Navy. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1963. 487 pp.

United States Office of Naval Records and Library. Register of Officer Personnel, United States Navy and Marine Corps and Ships' Data, 1801-1807. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1945. 86 pp.

Van Alstyne, Richard W. "The Mediterranean Trade and the Barbary Powers." In American Diplomacy in Action: A Series of Case Studies. 2d ed. Stanford Books in World Politics. 497-503. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1947.

Whipple, A. B. C. To the Shores of Tripoli: The Birth of the U.S. Navy and Marines. New York: William Morrow, 1991. 357 pp.

Wilson, Gary E. "The First American Hostages in Moslem Nations, 1784-1789." American Neptune 41 (July 1981): 208-23.